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INTRODUCTION Rock is a natural substance, a solid aggregate of one or more minerals . For example, granite , a common rock, is a combination of the minerals quartz , feldspar and biotite . The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere , is made of rock. Botin, J.A. (2009). Rocks are composed of grains of minerals, which are homogeneous solids formed from a chemical compound arranged in an orderly manner. The aggregate minerals forming the rock are held together by chemical bonds . The types and abundance of minerals in a rock are determined by the manner in which it was formed. Many rocks contain silica (SiO 2 ); a compound of silicon and oxygen that forms 74.3% of the Earth's crust . This material forms crystals with other compounds in the rock. The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeabilit

Hegel was born in Stuttgart on August 27, 1770, the son of Georg Ludwig Hegel, Hegel soon became thoroughly acquainted with the Greek and Roman classics while studying at the Stuttgart Gymnasium (preparatory school) and was familiar with German literature and science. History,” Hegel emphasizes, has a double meaning: it refers both to the course of human events, and to the writing that strives to comprehend those events and impress their significance upon human consciousness. These two senses of “history” are necessarily linked, according to Hegel, for the course of events transforms human consciousness our understanding of the world and ourselves and human consciousness informs the contributions we make to the ongoing course of events. The following are explanations about the Hegel’s philosophy of history; Hegel regards human beings as thoroughly historical creatures. What we are is determined by what we do; what we do is determined by what we understand ourselves to be; and w

INTRODUCTION Rock is a naturally formed, non-living earth material which are made of collections of mineral grains that are held together in a rim, solid mass. Or Is a natural occurring solid cohesive aggregate of one or more mineral materials) petroleum or crude oil is any naturally occurring flammable mixture of hydrocarbons found in geologic formations such as rock strata. (Carlson et al, 2008) Most petroleum is a fossil and Heat on buried dead zooplankton and algae. The natural oil company of petroleum is called (TPDC) which means Tanzania petroleum Development Corporation which established in 1969.   The following are the characteristics of Tanzania rocks rich in petroleum .             The residual organic matter in deep source rocks reduces but the hydrocarbon expulsion rate and efficiencies increase with the burial depth. As far as deep source rocks are concerned, they have much smaller measured residual hydrocarbon amount and hydrocarbon potential than their midd

INTRODUCTION Functionalism theory ; Is of the view that any cultural activity must have a utilitarian value for its people. Functionalist theory   see the society   as a stable entity perpetuated by the various cultural activities, narratives are seen as an embodiment of the beliefs, customs, rituals, and structure that needs to be maintained. Functionalism is by far the most persistent theory in the study of oral literature Miruka (1994). The theory proposed by Bronislaw Malinowski and Radcliffe Brown. By using MAKONDE SOCIETY as a case study to discuss the way functionalism theory applied in oral literature of makonde society. NARRATIVES. A narrative refers to a prose account of people, events, places,that may be factual or fictional, the account are   principally handed down from one person to another, and generation to generation through words mouth. Myths . Often attempt to explain the beginning of time, and are concerned with the projection of external principles as obs