Education management

INTRODUCTION

Management is defined as an art and science of handling human and other materials resources in organizations including schools (Ferdous,2016)

Administration is defined as universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct activities towards achieving common goals and objectives (Thungu et al,2008).

Organization is a group of people who have united to pursue and accomplish a common purpose. Member of an organization have collective identity. They feel and think they belong together because they share common believes and attitudes, and certain norms. They have defined membership criteria and predetermined hierarchies (Thungu et al,2008).

According to Babyegeya (2002), Organization is the act of putting or arranging things in order or making things to happen in a certain way or form.

Fayol's developed administrative theory based on classical and administrative school of thought.

In order to make organization run smoothly and successful his aspiration for an administrative science was applied. He introduced five management which are planning, organizing, commanding (leading), coordinating, and controlling. Fayol's five functions (elements, principles) are still relevant to school management and administration due to the following fourteen principles of management and its function

Division of work” Fayol believes that if a person specializes he or she will concentrate in the same matters and acquire a special ability and accuracy that will increase the effectiveness and consequently the productivity. This is true, not everyone can do everything but everyone can do something, this system is relevant to school management and administration in school there is a division of labor according to specialization and capabilities of performance of that work or duty, example, we have academic master, teacher on duty, teacher of environment and Head of the school.

Authority and responsibility” Fayol remarks that authority comes with responsibility and vice versa. A manager shouldn't be given authority without responsibility and should never be given responsibility without the associated authority to get the things done. Also in school there were clear delegation of responsibility, example if the head teacher is not around the school the vice head teacher should take the position   

“Discipline” is the third principle and it is certainly essential for the smooth running of business and without standards or adherence to policies no enterprise could prosper. This situation also exist in school administration examples the workers came to work place early, they maintained their schedule according to time table of the school, Generally all worker are very punctuality.

“Unity of direction” means that if one person is the head or chief, then there is one plan and everyone should follow it. It's essential to focus the effort in the same direction. Example also in school the direction is from the top down through the hierarchical. Communication is similar vertical. Increase effectiveness they usually are target for conflict or confusion between staff.

The next principle is the “subordination of individual interests to general interests” this would spark a lively debate, especially between collectivists and individualistic cultures. However, I consider that while a person is working, his mind and thoughts should be about the job and business goals, it is important to separate personal and business affairs but since we are human. In school administrative system also people works for the benefit of the organization goals and not for personal interest, Example teachers implement the goals of education to the employer.

Remuneration of personnel, every worker is worthy of his salary, and it must be totally fair and in the best case it would satisfies the firm and the employee. The school administrative and management also perform this duty example teacher provide service to the community (students) hence worth salary by the employer, there for precise definition provide attached teach functional role.

“Centralization” Fayol remarks that the degree of centralization varies according to different cases. Many companies apply this theory, in some cases or projects a manager could share initiative with subordinates in order to get new ideas or due to the number of projects that he is in charge. In school also centralization of knowledge and decision making reached by the head of the school, example Head master is the one who responsible to choose Teacher on Duty, and the division of the head of department and other duty in school like discipline master, and academic master.

The “Scalar chain” is related with the centralization, it refers to the line of authority. Fayol’sstates pointed that some procedures need speedy actions and for this reason it is just needed the approval of the immediate superior, In school also there is hierarchical structure of control authority and communication example in school we found that there are structure system of leadership like Head of school, Vice ofSchool, and also teachers with their departments and duties.

 “Order”, it refers to the working place. Everything has a place and should be there. In school there is good arrangement of material and material resources and personnel example Human resource like teachers, good system of leadership and availability of materials which basically found for provide services.

The “Equity”. A sense of justice and fairness should pervade in an organization. Employees will work much better under the authority of friendly and fair managers rather than under the oppressionof unfair and oppressor one. In school administrative and management also teachers have well defined formal jobs and their precise position. Example there is fair treatment to them and equal distribution of workers according to their carrier.

 Stability of tenure of personnel” is a reflection of a good running of the business, an employee takes time to adapt to a position and a turnover is not efficient. In school administration and management there is appropriate to conditions of relative stability, example school officers like teacher also they provided security for the working job like treatment and safety healthy to working place. Teachers are emphasized to join in trust ship fund like NHIF (National Health Insurance Fund).

Managers should allow the employee to give suggestion commonly known as “initiative”. Fayol said that the initiative of all represents agreat resource of strength for businesses and that a manager should sacrifice some vanity in order to grant satisfaction to subordinates. This statement is true, inschool where by each members of the staff in school provided opportunity to contribute their views concerning to school development and good success in performance of the students example in school head teacher are not a dictator but they allow their fellows staff to provide their idea to school development.

“Esprit decorps” it emphasizes the harmony among the personnel and its maintenance. To accomplish this objective, Fayol impulse the efficient team work and the use of verbal rather that written communication when it is simpler and quicker. In school also loyalty and conformity from the staff members to each other. Example the teacher on duty cooperated with other teachers to accomplish his or her duty effectively, also to be head teacher is not just you know each and everything.

REFERENCING:

Ferdous,J. (2016) Organization Theories: From classical Perspective International journal of Bussiness ,Economic and Law.

Kernanlaysis,(2003)“History of Management [ONLINE]Available: http://www.kernsanalysis.com/sjsu/ise250/history.htm [Accessed: 22nd December, 2007].

Chris Jarvis, “Fayol (1841-1925) Functions and Principles of Management”, (Business opening learning archive, 2005). [ONLINE] Available