taaluma ya utafusiri

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Kwa mujibu wa longhorm katika ya kamusi ya karne 21(2013)Sauti nimlio unatokana na vitu vinavyogongana au kusuguana .kaika lugha ya kiswahili kuna aina kuu tatu za sauti  nambazo ni  irabu ,kosonanti  na  viyeyusho
Zifuatazo ni tofauti zilizopo katika aina tatu za sauti
Maana   ya irabu:BESHA1994)’ aina ya VITAMKWA ambayo hutolewa pasipo KUWEPO na kizuizi chochote katika mkondo hewa utokao mapafuni ukipitia katika chemba ya kinywani  . Hii ni kwa sababu glota ikiwa imeachwa wazi lakini nyuzi sauti zikiwa zinalindima.
Lakini. Konsonanti. Ni  sauti ambayo hutamkwa kutoka mapafuni kwa kuwepo kwa kizuizi katika mkondo hewa ukipitia chemba ya kinywani  kwenda nje. (kichore na wenzie 2001) vile vile kiyeyusho ni sauti ambazo hutamkwa kwa kuachia mkondo hewa kutoka mapafuni kupitia kinywani au puani kwa mkwaruzo mdogo.
Jinsi ya utamkaji. Irabu hutamkwa pasipo kuwepo na kizuizi kwenye mkondo hewa hutkao mapafuni kupitia kinywani. Mf. Irabu [a] hakuna kizuizini chochote cha mkondo hewa lakini konsanti hutamkwa kwa kuwepo kwa kizuizini katika  mkondo  hewa  mfano,[b] [p], [v]. vile vile viyeyusho. Hutamkwa kwa kuachilia mkondo hewa kutoka mapafuni kupitia kinywani au puani kwa mkwaruzo mdogo mfano. [w].[y]
Idadi zake katika lugha ya Kiswahili
Irabu katika lugha yakiswahili zipo tano  ambazo ni  [a] [ ] [i] [ ] [u] ingawa kuna irabu nyingaikatika lugha za binadamu  lakin konsonanti  katika lugha ya Kiswahili zipo 25 ambazo ni [b],[m],[p],[v],[d],[n] lakin viyeyusho  vipo  viwili  katika lugha ya Kiswahili  ambayo  ni  [w],[j]
Uanishaji  wake  . kwa upande wa irabu  huanishwa kulingana  hali ya midomo  na hali ya ulimi  mfano  unapotamuka  irabu  [u o,] mdomo unakuwa viringe  na  irabu  [I,e, a,]  mdomo si viringe hata ulimi hutegemea  utamkwaji wa irabu husika . lakini kosonanti huanishwa  kwa namna ya kumkwa  ambayo  mkondo hewa hutatizwa  katika namna mabilimbali ,ambapo ni mahali pakutamkia,hali ya glota  lakini  uanishwa  kwa kuangalia kuvilingwa kwa mdomo na shina la ulimi
HITIMISHO
Kwa upande wa sauti na aina zake  hujitokeza  kwa namna mbalimbali kulingana  lugha husika mfano  irabu katika lugha ya Kiswahili zipo tano  ni tofauti na lugha za kibantu  mfano kisukuma hata kosonanti  Kiswahili tunazo irishilini tano (25) laikini kingereze zipo  27.
Marejeo
Ruth mfumbwa  besha  (1994)utangulizi wa lugha  na isimu Macmillan AIDAN .
D.P,(MASAMBA,Y.M KIHORE ;Y.P MSANJILE  2004)( FonolojiA  ya Kiswahili  Sarufi


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