With relevant authority and illustration examine the extermmly of violarion of human righ in Tanzania.

  Human right describe equal right and freedom for anyone  regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion or political affillation. A started by the U.N declaration of human right in 1948 all human being are born free and equal in dignity and right. They are andouied with reason and consciences and  should  act towards one an other in a spirit of brother hood. This statement difines that each and every human is entitled to all right. Human right are fundamental to human existence. The declaration of human right of 1948 provides 30 articles which elaborate differenthuman right. For example

  articles 1

all human being are born free and equal in dignity. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should not act rouiards one another in a spirit of brother hood.

   Article 2

Everyone entitled to all the rights and freedom  set forth in this decloration without discrination of any kind, such rale, colour, sex, language, religion, political or the other opinion, national or social origin, property, borth or other status.

Article 3

Every has this right to life liberith and securith of person. Tanzania human right  12-24 universal athough human right declaration but still are violated, the violation of human right can maen the following first the lack of observers of human right or disobe of human right  and second mean thisfailure to do what is required by the law or misrespectiful at which contriving human right or duties. The state have the duties to protect human  right, to respect and to fulfill human right to the citizen, but mostly of some cases the state violate human right. Especial in Tanzania, the state violate human right in the following ways;

Freedom of expressive; authorities arbitrarily arrested or other uses threasensed and harassed right activities and numerous prominent members of opposition parties who were criticalof the government or the president. =on December 13, 2016, police arrested maxence meloa prominent human rights defender and the owner of jamiiforums, an independent whistleblower and reporying website and mike William, a shareholder of jamii media, which hosts the site. The site hosted articles and debates exposing oublic sector corruption and criticizing government actions.

Police searched the offices jamii forums and melos home without marrants. They reportedly made copies of several documents. On December 16, 2016, the residisnt magistrate court of dar Es salaam brought charges against melo, under tanzania’s controversial cyber crime law, including obstruction of investigation for refusing to reveal the names of anonymous contributors to jamii forums; and

“managing a domain not registered in anzania. Their trial began in august 2017 and consinued at time of writing.

In march,  police in morogoro  about 200 kilometers west of dare s salaam, arrested Emmanuel elibariki, a popular Tanzanian rapper known as mey ula mitego, following the release of his song that allegedly insulled the president. He was released without charges.

 In jully, dare s salaam district commissioner ordered the arrest of Halima mdee, armember of parliament and head of bcuacha, the women wing of the opposition political party chadema. Mdee had been critical of the president’s decision to ban pregnant girls from public school. Police charge her with insulting the president.

In august, police arrested estor bulaya bunda, for conducting political activities outside her constituency. In separates events, police also arrested goggles lema member of parliament arusha urban and salumu mwalimuthe party’s deputy secretary general in Zanzibar accusing both politicians of sedition.

 Disappearance of jounarist and attacks of politicians, there wee allegation police tailed to file required arrest report for detained persons, resulting in hundreds of unresolved dissippearance. Police and government official denied these claim. The central government reported that state government screening commities informed families about the state of detainees. These were report, however, that person guards sometimes reguired bribes from families to confirm the detention of their relatives . fore example . AZORY GWANDA a journalist with mwananch communication ltd was recently . kindnapped  and is said to have killed till today for reporting  accidents of killing at kibiri in pwani. Also  member of chadema by the names of sanane has never been seen for ever for alledgelly indulging in apposition polices.

    Also in September, unidentified attackers shot and woulded tundu liddu, an outspoken member of parliament in Dodoma  but  until today no one is arrestrd or reported for this action  and the government end up with saying thos attackers were unknown people without doing any effort to find them.

Political prisoners and detainees.  Several opposition politicians and individuals critical of the government  were arrested or detained during the year. Such  individuallswere usually charged with sedition, incitement or  unlawful  assembly. Fore example  tundu lissu, a member of parliament , the opposition chief whip, and the president of the Tanganyika law society, was arrested at six times during the year, and variously charged with incitement , insulting the president and violating the terms of his bail. In each incident he was released on boil.

Denial of fair trial

The constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but many components of the judiciary remained under funded, corrupt, inefficient (especially in the lower court) and subject to executive influence. Judges, and senior court officers are all political logistical and financial constraints that limit access to justice for person in neral ares. These were fewer than two  judges per  millions persons. Court clerks reportedly contitwed to take bribes to open cases or hide or misdirect the files of those accused of crimes. Magistrates of lower courts occasionally bribes to determines the out come of cases.

Arbitrary arrest or detention,  the constitution prohibits carbitrary arrest and detention although regional and district commissioners have discretionary authority to order some one detained for up to 48 hours without charges. This outhority was used frequently to detain opposition member or person expressing  criticism of the government . the law allws person arrested or detained, regardidless of whether on criminal or other grounds, the right to challenge in court the legal basis or arbitrary nature of their detention and obtain prompt release and compensation if found to have been unlawfully detained. The law requires that a civil case must be brought  in order to make such a challenge , in practice this was rarely done.

Freedom of peaceful assembly and association, the constitution provideds for freedom of assembly, but the government did not always respect  this right. The government  requird organizers of rallies to obtain police permission, police may deny permission on public safety or security or of the permit seeker. The constitution of unered republic of Tanzania under art 20(I)

Country reports on human right practices for 2017

Provides the right of freedom of peaceful assembly  and association. So support this lare to look the case of baraza la wanawake Tanzania (bawata) and 5 other vs registar of societies and other. Misc. civil case no 27 of 1997. Bawata was formed in 1994 to unitewomen of all economic, social and political back ground to ensure gender equlity in a multiparty, democracy state. The government deregistered it without affording a chance to be heard. When the issue was raised the government reversed itself and demanded that bawata amend it’s constitution and become a research institution. It’s action was argued in the high court of Tanzania that this government action of deregistering BAWATA is unconstitutional by violating  articles 13 (6) (a), 18 and 20 of the constitution of Tanzania.

Fore example  mate’s look the violation of right to boil on the case of DPPvs davdi pete 1993 TLR 28  in this case the respondent was charged with roggery with violation before musoma court district the offences was unbailable under 5 148 (3) (e) of civil procedure cap 20 . respondents appeaced to the high court were high court held that s 148 (3) (e) was an onstitutional as it bail . then the DPP was argured the decision of the court of appeal that s 148 (5) (e) was an constitution al and daudi pere contierve to enjoy the right to bail.

Generally, the government or state has a defines to respect human right, to protect and to fulfill human right, when we say duty to respect human right means the state should make sure that every individual in the state enjoy human right as stimulated under domestic law and international instrument of human right like freedom of express, and second duty to protect this duties recguire the state to make law which prohibite violation of human right and this lastly state is recguired to provide conducile environment and to take reasonable members, for citizen  to enjoy or fulfill human right.

Reference

The constitution of united republic of Tanzania of 1977cace

DPP vs daudi pere 1991 TLR 28

Baraza la wanawake Tanzania (BAWATA) and 5 others vs registar of societies and othermsc. Civil case no 27 of 1997

Country reports on human right practices for 2017 and 2018

https; // w.w.w . hrw. Org/world-report 2018 country – chapter/ Tanzania & zanzibar