COMPUSS SURVEYING

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INTRODUCTION
COMPUSS SURVEYING
Is a type of surviving in which the directions of surveying lines are determined with a magnetic compuss and the length of the surveying lines are measured with a type or chain or loser range finder  the  compuss calculates bearings of lines with respect to magnetic needles
Magnetic compuss is used to find out the magnetic bearing of survey lines the bearing may either measured in whole circle bearing (B-CB) system or inquantrantal bearing (QB) system based on type of compuss used
The basic principle of magnetic compuss is if a strip of steel or iron is magnetized and pivoted exactly at centre so that it can swing freely then it will establish itself in the magnetic meridian at place of arrangement
Also the source of errors in compuss survey  such as instrumental errors (Nedle not being per perfectly straight  The pivot point being dull with The needle neither moving horintally nor moving freely on the pivot due to the dip of the needle)  Errors due to manipation and atraighti (inaccurate  centring of the compuss over  the station occupied , inaccurate levelling of the compuss box when the instrument is set up with imperfect bisection of the ranging rods at station or other object ) and  Errors due external influence (magnetic changes in the atmosphere on a clouds or stormy day with local attraction due to proximity of steel structure electronic lines)

              METHODS TO OVER COME ERRORS IN MAGNETIC COMPUSS SURVEY
Also the following bellow are some of the methods that has been used to overcome an errors which associated with magnetic compuss survey.
   To avoid local attraction nothing made of iron or steel such as bunch of key iron _buttons etc  should be carried by the surveyor the instrument should  be set up near telegraph poles rails other  steel structures and currents carrying wires
     For important lines taken duplicate reading at each station after having taken the first reading.  displace the needle and taken the second reading and then take the mean of the two.
  The glass covers of the compass box 
Gets charged with electricity   when dusted off with a handkenhiet or by the influence of electric charge in the atmospehere. Consequently the needleadheres to the glass .this may be avoided by applying a moist finger or cloth to the glass
Always look along the needle and not across it thus avoiding parallel. In surveyors Compass always read the north end of the needle.
The pivot sharp edge should be protected by keeping the needle off the pivot when Compass is not in use or when it is shifted from one station to another
 Stop the vibration of the needle by gently pressing the brake -pin so that it may come to rest soon.
When the compuss has to be shifted from one station to other the sight vane should be folded over the glass cover this is done to lift the ring out of the pivot to avoid unnecessary wear of the pivot
The compuss box should be tapped gently before taking the reading this is done to find out whether the needle rotates freely
       CONCLUSION

Generally the compuss survey is not friendly to be used in a place which contain iron core since power tends to limit line which usually attracts magnets due to their natural properties and electromagnetic properties respectively





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