THE FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF DICTIONARIES
INTRODUCTION
A dictionary is a reference book about words and as
such it describes the functioning of individual words (sometimes called lexical
items). It does so by listing these words in alphabetical order in the form of
headwords, the words listed as entries in the dictionary.
A book or electronic resource that lists the words
of a language (typically in alphabetical order) and gives their meaning or
gives the equivalent words in a different language often also providing
information about pronunciation, origin, and usage. According Cambridge
advanced Learners Dictionary and Thesaurus @ Cambridge University Press
THE
FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF DICTIONARIES
Firstly, a
dictionary that deals only with one language is called a monolingual dictionary.
For example, English monolingual dictionaries like the Longman Dictionary of
Contemporary English (LDOCE) or the
Collins Cobuild Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
(CCALD) has English headwords, English definitions, and all examples and
additional information is given in English.
Secondly, a dictionary that deals with two languages,
a good example English-Swedish is called a bilingual dictionary.
Thirdly, a dictionary that deals with more than two
languages is called a multilingual dictionary
All these types of dictionary can furthermore be
divided into general or specialized dictionaries. The general dictionaries, as
the name implies, deal with the more general side of one or several languages.
For example,
Norstedts Stora Engelsk-Svenska Ordbok (Norstedts,
2000) is aimed a covering some 135,000 of the most commonly occurring words of
English.
A specialized dictionary, on the
other hand, focuses on a more narrow and specialized part of a language, for
example the words used in engineering, medicine, aviation, experimental
psychology. The specialized dictionary is thus typically a subject-specific
technical dictionary, but other types exist too, e.g. dictionaries of false
friends, pictorial dictionaries, collocation dictionaries, idiom dictionaries.
But also dictionary divided into several types
according to uses such as phonetic dictionaries, reverse dictionaries, rhyming
dictionaries, electronic dictionaries, encyclopedia dictionaries, online
dictionaries, defining dictionaries, general dictionaries,
THE
USE OF INFORMATION SOURCES (DICTIONARY)
Spelling, the headword itself is given
in its normal spelling, printed in bold. Headwords are arranged alphabetically
in a dictionary.
Frequency information, symbols
indicating how frequent the word is in spoken and written English. In Longman
Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) the symbols are boxes with either an
’S’ (spoken) or a ‘W’ (written) followed by a number. For example, a box saying
W2 means that the headword in question belongs to the second thousand most
common words in written English.
Pronunciation, phonetic script, given
within parentheses ( ) or slash / / brackets, tells us how to pronounce the
word (the pronunciation of the word is transcribed following the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)).
Word class, the word class (also called
part-of-speech) of the word and other grammatical information is provided
following conventional abbreviations, such as n for Noun and v for Verb.
Sense(s),
when a word has more than one meaning, then the different senses are numbered.
When a sense or a group of senses belong to a different word class, this is
indicated. For each sense, a definition is given which at the same time also
functions as an explanation of its meaning.
Collocations, phrasal use
and the syntactic operation of the word examples are given of how the headword
may be combined with other words to form idiomatic language usage
CONCLUSION
Generally dictionary facilitate much to link well
communication among the people, Same time people use dictionary in order to
understand well information that receive from one side because same time
receiver receive message from sender that contain a lot of difficulty words, So
receiver forced to use dictionary in order to understand it. Also dictionary
contain a lot of symbol that stands instead of certain information.
REFERENCES
A.P.Cowie, R. Mackin. Oxford dictionary of Current Idiomatic English.
Vol.1. Verbs
Albert Sidney Hornby.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of current
English. First published in
Britain by Oxford
University Press in 1948
Chris Fox.4Edition, Publishers
(2004).Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE),
pages1949
Harper
Collins,First Puplished (1987).Collins Cobuild
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. (CCALD) .
Cambridge
advanced Learners Dictionary and Thesaurus @ Cambridge University Press. First
Published in 1995 under the name Cambridge International Dictionary of
English
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