Labeling

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LABELING
  1)    Labeling, is the theory of how the self identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping.
, But the following are the advantages of labeling in the context of the educational psychology such as follows,
       Individualized education plan (IEP) An obvious pro-of labeling a child who has special needs in the classroom is that teachers can use this information to help the child learn using their limitations as a guide. Once a student is identified, the student can receive an individualized education program designed to meet his or her unique needs.
      Extra learning support, by labeling a child, they will receive extra services that they may not have been able to receive otherwise- for example, the child may be able to receive instruction in a learning support room at a pace that works for them, they can receive frequent repetition and instruction in a much smaller setting with other students just like them.
     Targeted instruction, These students are able to get help in order to remediate their specific problem ‘receiving instruction based on what students need is crucial in helping them excel and be successful in the future.
     Spotlights the problems for the public labeling can spark social concern and aid advocacy efforts, when person are labeled, advocacy groups now have an opportunity to identify the problem and lobby for it on behalf of the individuals. In other words labeling creates cohesive communication for advocacy groups.
     Makes it easier for the registration for those with the problems, Also this make it easier to identify  and recognized them with the majority with such problems for the aims of providing the differences services for those who have been registered.
    Labeling enables professionals to communicate with one another .This is due to the reasons that each categorical label conveys a general idea about learning characteristics of the differences students or individuals with such kind of problems.
     Led to the development of specialized teaching method, assessment approaches and the behavioral interventions that are useful for teachers of all students.
           Helps the teacher to have the preconceived ideas of the child capabilities based on the label and may not teach the child to their fullest capability, This can create the effective schooling to that children who  has this problem because teacher will use the differences method and technique that can make the students to understands.
          But from that above mentioned points but also there is a disadvantages of the labeling in the context of educational psychology such as follows below
        Low self-Esteem for the student, there are many laws in place that protect the rights of students with disabilities including access to services and helping to ensure these students are not discriminated against, However many children do have low-self –Esteem once they are labeled students who are identified as students with disabilities may doubt themselves feel that they are not as smart as others and create a sense of learned helplessness.
           Lower expectations from parents and teachers, Parents and teachers may be guilty of having lower expectations for the children with the special needs, they may believe the student cannot do what is required of other students and therefore lower the learning expectations for the child and his led the student to be ended him to failure.
          Peer issue ,the fellow students can be  mean and make fun of the students with special needs because they are different and this may lead to the student having difficulty making friends and or make them vulnerable to bullying or other mistreatment.
            Also can led to the discrimination due to the such issues of labeling but also can lead to the discrimination to the student formation the discrimination to the student this is because the other student can feel them like most importantly rather than students who has been labeled it.
             Student cannot receive special education services until they are labeled, in many instance the intervention come too late students with disabilities are at a disadvantages when they have wait to be labeled before they can receive special education services and this can make them to be unsuccessfully in education matters or programmers.
        Labeled tend to focus on the impairment and may encourage people to see the impairment instead of the child often times when a child is labeled the person without the disability focuses on the child humiliations and not their strength.
        Can lead to the blame or guilty, for the students learning problems squarely on the parents shoulders in many cases, this unjustified because students may be mislabeled or teacher not fully understand the many different causes of mild disabilities this according to an article from education Psychology .
       From that mentioned the above labeling especially in the context of education the all society or members and the government in generally we are supposed to take this opportunity to make the cooperation with such people with   the problems disabilities and this can lead to the cooperation of both sides.

2)INCLUSION
           Inclusion this refers to the practice of educating  learners with the special needs alongside student without special needs with the appropriate services and supporting in the difference things, is the kind of education which includes all types of learners by use of the some teachers or facilitator and this inclusion is divided into the positively inclusion and the full inclusion. And the following are the factors that facilitate the inclusion in the education context such as follows;
          Social services provided we do the inclusion in much area for the aim of facilitating the pro vision of the social services in the context of education and through this can also reduce the discrimination in the social services especially in the context of education.
        Collaboration between the general and special education, also the aims of enabling the inclusion is to encourage the collaboration between to differences part such as the general and special education children for the purpose of encouraging the development of children performance in the field education.
         Family school participation, but also can lead or facilitating the participation the children especially in the context of education and this issue can reduce discrimination.
         Positive attitude to those disabilities, from that the students with disabilities they can cooperate together with those children such as problems and from this can bring equally and all of cooperation between such individuals with one another .
          School support or government support but also the aims that enable the availability of supporting those children or student with such kind of problems and this also can create the provision items of the of social services lie the schools, hospitals and many others but not only that non-government sector can brings the cooperation together with such students in order to enabling them in good performance in their schooling matter.
          Ongoing training and staff development due to the such training can lead to the mental development programs in the students and through this can create the position of the employment opportunities for those children with this kind of problem and also can reduce the discrimination agency in the context of the education matters
          It cooperating together the disability with the student with normal conditions this can emphasize on the ability of teaching and learning material to the development program in the different categories of the context of educationcontribute on the ability of teaching and learning material to those disabilities, by.
       From that mentioned above about the inclusion and why the inclusion in the context of education, but also the community should take this opportunity for the providing of the social services for disabilities and not only the government that can be involved in this system but also the community should hand with the government support for the aims of developing programs in the our society.  


REFERENCES
Horton  R,&Katon C(Eds)(1991),Biological aspect of the affective disorders .
House J.s lands R.R& umberson D(1989 July 29), social relationship and health.
Hunt, m,(1993)the story psychology .
Jcob M.K&Goodman G(1989)psychology and self helping groups .
Koch ,S,(1993)psychology or the psychology studies studies   

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