With the relevant examples developed and developing nations, critically examine the contributions of community participation in improving education sector.

-


INTRODUCTION
Community participation can be loosely defined as the involvement of people in a community in projects to solve their own problems. People cannot be forced to ‘participate’ in projects which affect their lives but should be given the opportunity where possible. This is held to be a basic human right and a fundamental principle of democracy. Community participation is especially important in emergency sanitation programmes where people may be unaccustomed to their surroundings and new sanitation facilities. Participation in education is embedded in its context, so it activation requires an understanding of the setting. This project aimed to explore how key stakeholders, e.g., teachers, parents and government officials, define community participation. The study further aimed to determine factors that aide or impede (Banerji,2013).
 FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN SOCIETY
Acquisition of knowledge and development of the personality of an individual is no longer presumed to be the main function of education. Functions are assumed to occur without directed effort. From the sociological point of view, education has the following functions:
Assimilation and transmission of culture/traditions: This needs to be done consciously and selectively because traditions need to be selected for transmission as well as omission depending on their value and desirability in today’s democratic set-up. For example, one needs to propagate the idea of ‘Sarva Dharma Samabhav’ meaning ‘allDharmas (truths) are equal to or harmonious with each other’. In recent times this statement has been taken as meaning "all religions are the same" - that all religions are merely different paths to God or the same spiritual goal. It emphasizes moral responsibilities in society that people should have towards each other. At the same time education should encourage people to do away with the custom of child marriage, un touch ability etc. Education should help in Acquisition/clarification of personal values, Self-realization/self-reflection: awareness of one’s abilities and goals, Self-esteem/self-efficacy and thinking creatively (Carneiroet. all, 2015).
Development of new social patterns: Today the world is changing very fast due to development of technology and communication. So along with preservation of traditional values, new values, social patterns need to be developed where Citizens rooted in their own cultures and yet open to other cultures are produced; Global outlook is fostered, Knowledge is advanced in such a way that economic development goes hand in hand with responsible management of the physical and human environment and Citizens who understand their social responsibilities are produced. (Carneiroet.all,2015).
 Activation of constructive and creative forces: Education should help to build up a qualified and creative workforce that can adapt to new technologies and take part in the ‘intelligence revolution’ that is the driving force of our economies. It should ensure capacity/ability to earn a living: career education, Develop mental and physical skills: motor, thinking, communication, social, aesthetic, Produce citizens who can adapt, adjust according to social environment and Produce citizens who can contribute towards the progress of society(Carneiroet.all,2015).
CONTRIBUTIONS OF COMMUNITY PARTISPATION IN EDUCATION
Community participation can contribute to education delivery through various channels.  The following is a list of ways through which communities can contribute to the education delivery:-
Provision of feedback educational institution: Providing feedback to schools / education ministry on how to improve the education syllabus because education is equipping and preparing children for their future working environment in the community / society (Demas,et all,2015).
Improvement of student’s character, community also can provide feedback to schools / education ministry to improve children character building based on the current social development / society trends ( Yuki et all, 2016).
Advocating enrollment and education benefitschecking; community involves much in sending children to school for enrolling them, I'm the absence of community participation of students and pupils in school could be difficult since the community are the one that live beneath to the children and is easy to mobilise them to attend at school something improve educational performance in educational institutions through it community has a great role in educational system (Demas, etall, 2015).
Boosting morale of school staff; community are the once that can influence behaviour of the students positively or negatively since children always are Benet to the community .ln educational system good behaviour has changed positively since  each member of the community take his or her responsibility of shaping children within the society without considering family differences. From this unity the community seems as a tool for shaping good moral in the society (Yukietall,2016).
Raising money for schools; there are continuously contributions of money and other contributions in educational institutions that can help them to implement different plan that have planned for the improvement of educational system. Example the community involve in contributing money for building of laboratories in Tanzania's secondary schools under the leadership of President Jakaya Mwisho Kikwete(Demas,etall,2015).
Ensuring students’ regular attendance and completion; Without community participations in educational system students could have poor attendance in school but the community emphasised students attending to school and for the finalisation of school. From that we can value the role played by the community in students completion of their studies (Carneiro et all, 2015).
constructing, repairing, and improving school facilities;Different facilities like desks , chairs, buildings and electrical facilities have been contributed by the community and when these facilities are blocked also the community play it's role of repairing those facilities so that they can be used for more time when other alternatives is on the process. Example in Tanzania These are secondary schools built locally and owned by rural communities while the government supports them by drawing policies, establishing standards and regulations, giving grants and employing work force.(Bruns et all, 2011)
Promotion of quality education: Community people can play as an actor of promoting quality education in this sense. Successful schools build connectionist parents and communities as away to strengthen relationship in support of the students, and as away to better understand students so that teaching can be tailored to individual’s communities of the sources that are valuable to school and the families they serve(Hanushek2013).
Setting of teaching standards, recruitment, teacher training, teacher’s salary, condition, promotion and discipline; these are important factors that always come under debate. Involvement of community in selection of teacher can play vital role in the selection of excellent teacher as perched need.
The teacher selected by the community shows there possibility towards he children of the community. Teacher salary’s one of the factors that affect the performance of teachers and teacher’s performance directly related to the quality of the education. Thus, the salary and condition of services could be shared by the community (lewwe et all, 2013).
Facilitation of handcapped student’s placement; participation including with the assistance from recruitment agencies, training organizations, industrial companies etc. can facilitate handicapped students placement so that they can get betters killed or secure job after they have graduated. With outcries involvement of the community in school management quality improvement is not possible. Project working community could be one of the good pedagogical approaches in teaching learning processing school. Community is the foundation of this approach. Providing the facts, feeling and experiences of the community people to the student should be the best help in the teaching learning process forte increase the deep understanding of learner (Altschuler, 2013).
CONCLUSION
 Is important to note that community plays as substitute, complementary, and critical role sin educational development and that the role of community and its impacts varies by country, region, and actor.Tounderst and the role of community, it is imperative to grasp the social cont extend needs of the community in which community participations promote din school management. Community participation in school management this great potential for removing mistrust and distance between people and schools through nurturing transparency of information and culture of mutual respect and for jointly pursuing improvement of schools by sharing vision,process,and results. It should also be noted that individual and organizational behavioral changes are critical to increase the levels of participation
References
Altschuler,D.(2013).How patronage politics undermine parental participation and accountability: Community-managed schools in Honduras and Guatemala. Comparative Education Review,
Banerji, R., Bhattacharjea, S.&Wadhwa, W. (2013). Annual Status of Education report. Research in Comparative and International Education, 8(3), 387-96.
Bruns,B.,Filmer,D.,&Patrinos,A.(2011).Making school swork: New evidence on accountability Reforms. Washington, DC: World Bank. Find this resource:
Carneiro,P.,KoussihouèdĂ©,O.K.,Lahire,N.,Meghir,C.,&Mommaerts,C.(2015).Decentralizingeducation resources: School grants in Senegal.Cambridge,MA:National Bureau of    Economic Research.
Demas,A.,&Arcia,G.(2015).What matters most for school autonomy and accountability: A frame workpaper.SABERWorkingPaperSeries,9.Washington,DC:WorldBankGroup.
Glewwe,P.,Hanushek,E.A.,Humpage,S.,&Ravina,R.(2013).School resources and educational out comesin developing countries :A review of the literature from1990 to2010.InP.Glewwe(Ed.),Education policy in developing countries(pp.13–63).Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
Hanushek,E.A.,Link,S.,&Woessman,L.(2013).Does school autonomy make sense every where?Panelestimates from PISA. Journa of Development Economics, 104,212–232.
Hara,M.(2011).Technical Cooperation from Japan ThaT changed Education in West frica.Tokyo:Diamond,Inc.
Khanal,P.(2013).Community participation in schooling in Nepal:Adisjunction between policy intention and policy implementation?Asia Pacific Journal of Education,33(3),235–248.
Yuki,T.,Igei,K.,&Demas,A.(2016).Measuring quality of policies and their implementation for   better learning :Adapting World Bank’s SABER tool son school   autonomy and accountability to Senegal.JICA-  RIworkingpaperNo.113.Tokyo:


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

International Law

-
    International Law The body of law that governs the legal relations between or among states or nations.To qualify as a subject under the traditional definition of international law, a state had to be sovereign: It needed a territory, a population, a government, and the ability to engage in diplomatic or foreign relations. States within the United States, provinces, and cantons were not considered subjects of international law, because they lacked the legal authority to engage in foreign relations. In addition, individuals did not fall within the definition of subjects that enjoyed rights and obligations under international law. so there are two types of international law which are public and private international law. Public International Law: Public International laws have been designed to examine the relationships between the countries and states and they govern the binding rules of the international community to avoid any dispute. Public International laws genera...
Read more
-
Image
 HARMORAPA   Since Artist Harmorapa has entered the music to start to be compared to an artist Harmonize, every time the rapper has been entered on the 'headline' wide and discussed by many artists the biggest in the country, others were pleased with his actions while others mocked him and see that he deserves to be a musician. He started as a joke has to be compared with the bright label WCB minor then starts to penetrate into the ears of love entertainment. We are referring here HarmoRapa  is predicted to major in music of bongo Fleva Time here. His first single not divide a passport is placed on the map and start to be known, though it did not properly market. This Time around HarmoRapa has come up with another hit in Town goes by the name "kiboko ya mabishoo" Many thought if Jokes but relatives had become serious now after signing a deal with a large imaging technology bongo Slides Visual less Mx Carter. Also contusion with producer p funk ...
Read more

KATIBA YA KIKUNDI

-
KATIBA YA VACK GROUP SEHEME YA 1. UTANGULIZI 1 JINA LA KIKUNDI VACK GROUP IBARA YA PILI: 2: TAFSIRI YA MANENO MBALIMBALI  2.1 Kikundi kina mkusanyikon wa watu 2.2 Wanachama wa kikundi wana mtazamo moja  2.3 Wanadhamira moja katika kujenga taifa IBARA YA 3. UTANGULIZI Wanachama wa kikundi cha VACK GROUP tumejipanga kufanya kazi kwa ushirikiano ili kufikia malengo yetu IBARA YA 4. KATIBA Katiba ni kanuni ya nchi au taasisi iliyopangwa kwa makubaliano maalumu yanayosimamia sheria kufuata miongozo yake bila kwenda kinyume.Kwenda kinyume cha hapo ni kosa. IBARA YA 5. JINA LA KIKUNDI Kikundi kinaitwa VACK GROUP  IBARA YA 6. LUGHA RASMI YA KIKUNDI Lugha rasmi ya kikundi ni Kiswahili na kingereza. IBARA YA 7. OFISI KUU Makao makuu ya kikundi yatakua ndani ya Mbinga mjini. IBARA YA 8. ENEO LA UTENDAJI WA KAZI  Itakuwa ndani ya wilaya ya mbinga IBARA YA 9. KANUNI ZA KIMAADILI  9.1 Kuheshimiana wenyewe kwa weny...
Read more