Climate

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Climate means the usual condition of temperatur,humidity ,atmospheric,pressure,wind,rainfall,and other meteorological element in area of the earth surface for a long time in simple terms climate is the average condition for about thirty year.
     According by prof A Balasubra manian state that climate of a region is utmately determined by the radiation energy of the sun and it's distribution and temporal fluctuations the long term state of interacting element they solar radiation Air masses,pressure system and cyclone belts ocean currents Topography.
    Weather. Is the condition of atmosphere take over short period of time.weather are different element contain of the surface there are  temperature, humidity, precipitation, pressure ,wind, and cloudiness.
    CHARACTERISTIC OF ELEMENT OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE.
   1. Temperature.is the degree of hotness and coldness of the atmophere.Temperature is  a very important factor in determining the weather because it influenced or control other element of the weather such as precipitation, humidity, clouds,and atmospheric pressure.

   2.  Air masses.wind and storms an air mass is a large body of air with generally uniform temperature and humidity.Air masses control the characteristics of temperature to source regions of air masses in party determined the variation of the day to day weather and long term climate of a place.
      Wind.The movement of the atmosphere is called wind
      . wind can be felt only when it is in motion.
      . wind is the result of the horizontal differences in the air pressure.
      .wind is simply the movement of air from high pressure to high pressure of low pressure and the difference between high and low pressure.
       .The wind brings with it temperature of the area it is coming from therefore a high pressure in a warm region will make the temperature in the low pressure area higher.
    3.   Pressure systems.
      .Air pressure is the weight of air resting on the earth surface.Air has specific weight this weight exerted by air is atmospheric pressure.pressure it is defined as the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the earth atmosphere.
       .pressure system have a direct impact on the precipitation.
      4. Ocean current.are greatly affect the temperature and precipitation of climate,those bordering cold currents tend to be driver  as cold ocean water helps stablize the air and inhabit clouds formation and precipitation of air traveling over Cold ocean currents lose energy to the water and thus moderate the temperature of nearby coastal location.
       Air masses traveling over warm ocean currents promote instability and precipitation Additionally the warmer ocean water keeps air temperature some what warmer than location just in Land from the coast during the winter.
      5.  Humidity.Atmospheric moisture is the most important element of the atmosphere which modifies in the air of the lower atmosphere . there are three types of humidity.
      (a) Absolute humidity .the amount of water vapor present in per volume of air at definite temperature.
      (b) Relative humidity.is the ratio of water vapor present in air having a definite volume at
6.Visibility.
.the most critical weather element obstruction to vissibility include clouds fog smokerhaze and precipitation.vissibilty represent by the meteorological optical range mon.varries with the back ground illumination.in extremely clean air in Arctic or mountainous areas the visibility can be up to 70kilometer43mto100kilometers . vissibility is often also reducedsome whatby air pollution and high humidity.                     7.Topography.topography affect climate in variety of ways the orientation of mountain to the prevailling precipitation wind ward slopesthose farcing into the wind experience more precipitation due to orographic up lift of the air Lee Ward sides of mountain.            8. Cloudnnes,clouds are  suspended water in the atmosphere cloud are usually the most obvious feature of the sky clouds give us a clue about what is going in atmosphere and how the weather might change in the hour or even days come.each type of clouds form in different way and each brings it's own kind of weather clouds play multiple critical role in climate system.                               CONTROLS OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER.        1.Latitude,these are the main factor influencing the climate of region is latitude becouse different latitude receive different amount of air the earth rotation on it's axias changes the angle of sun light at certain latitude there fore changing the temperature at that latitude this has major impact of temperature.                                  2.land and water distrib ution,land and water heater and cool at different rates land heat up faster and gets hotter than water  land also cool faster and to lower temperature than water this is moderate effect of temperature.                                 3.ocean current,the temperature of the water off shore influences the temperature iof coast location particular if the winds come of the sea the cool water of along the western United States is caused by clokwise rotating ocean currents that is bringing cold water from the arctic to ward the equotor.            4.prevailing wind,the prevailing wind are the bases of the bases of the Hadley,frrelle and polar cells these wind greatly influence the climate of a region becouse they bring the weather from the location they come from example in calfonia the predominant winds blowing in from passific ocean which bring in Relative cool air in Winter local wind also influenced local climate for example land breeze andsee breeze.                       5,altitude,air pressure and air temperature decrease with altitude the closer molecule are packed together the more likely they are to collide collission between molecule give off heat which ms the air at higher altitude the air is less dense and air is less sense and airmolecule are more spread out and less likely to collide.    


   Reference



  Arthur Newell Strahler(1960). Physical Geography.New york:John Wiley and sons second Edition.
  F.J.monk house(1978)A dictionary of geography.Edward Arnold publishers LTD.
   Prof.A Balasubra manian. 
   JIND KAUL.              

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