Community

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Community be defined by characteristics that the member share such as culture, language, tradition, law class race. Same community is homogenizes while others is heterogeneous and same are united while others are conflictive. Same communities are governed and managed by leaders chosen democratically who act relatively autonomously from other levels of government, and same are govern by leader imposed from above and represent central authorities Schaefer (1992).
There are three aspect of community according to Zenter 1964 which are:
(i)         group structure whether formally or informally organized in which member play roles which are integrated around goals associated with are problems from collective occupation and utilization of habitation space.
(ii)        Member of community has same degree of collecting identification with occupied space.
(iii)       Community has are degree of local autonomy and responsibility Zenter (1964).
Also bray 1996 define three types of community which are:
(i)         Geographical community this are community which are defined accoding to are member place of residence such as village ward district.
(ii)        Ethical, racial, and religious community this are community which are membership based on ethic, racial, and religious.
(iii)       Community based on share family or education concerns which include parents association and similar bodies that are based on families shared concern for welfare of students.
Participation
The action or state of taking part in are something as association with others in are relationship or as a partnership accoding to Merriam-Webster.
Participation is an act of taking part in an event or activity according to Cambridge English dictionary.
Also Schaeffer( 1994) clarifies participation as involvement though the mere use of service, involvement through the contribution of money,materials,and labor.participartion is involvement through attendance also participation is involvement through consultation on a particular issue in the delivery of a service often as a partner with other actors.
Community participation in education
Education sector cannot separate entities within the societies. Within the societies there are varies intuition which contribute much in education sector example religious intuition family instution this are playing much contribution to education sector.eduction take place  most efficiently and effectively when the community work together with education sector. so it is important to create strong partnership between school and community.
Community participate in education sector in various way such as: research and data collecation, diologue with policy makers, school management, curriculum design, development of lerning materials, and school construction Colleta and perkins( 1996).
Parent and community support as a one of a key factor to determine the school effectiveness in sub-Saharan Africa Heneveld and Craig( 1996).They identify five categories of parent and community support that are relevant to the region: children come to school to learn, the community provides materials and financial support to the school, communication between school , parent  and community is frequently , the community has the meaningfully role in the school governance and community member and parent assist in instruction.
The following are the contribution of community participation in improving education sector:
(i)         Developing relevant curriculum and learning materials, this because community and parent involvement help achieve curriculum and learning materials that reflect reality in the society curriculum developed which enable a community life such as festival, customs, musical instruments and local business activities this reflected in the curriculum .Student learn with what they have already known because textbook and material illustrate their lives in communities. Example in a Papua guinea community set goals to link the culture of pupil’s home community with the culture of school Golding (1994).
(ii)        Community participates also in identifying and addressing problems. This is because community play a role in identifying on a factor contribute in a education problems such as poor academic performance, pregnancy, student drop in school and sagest how to address those problems example community Gambia participate in finding solution in order to understand why girls do not attend to school community are mobilized and assist to organize their own solution. (World Bank 1995).
(iii)       Promoting girls education. communities perticipetive on contributing girls  are attained education because education can contribute to improvement of varies aspect of their lives such as increasing economic productivity, improving health and nutrition ,reduce child mortality rate. this are done through involvement of communities in discussions as a part of school activities also help to identify factor that prevent girls  from schooling this issue are solved through involvement parent and communities in schools. (UNICEF1992).
(iv)       Community are participation in increasing accountability. Parent involvement on education particularly in school governance is seen as means of making more accountable to the society which funds them.techers and other school staff feel they should be accountable to community clients when the community hold same power over them.(Bossert1998).
(v)        Community also participating in contributing on the construction of schools and repairing those building example in the rural areas parent are corporate schools maintenance.
(vi)       Community also are involvement on improving home environment by encouraging parents to understand about the benefits of their children’s schooling parent when are involved in creating potential environment of learning to their children they contribute much their children learning achievement also community can encourage student reading at home . families which involved in schools not only have are better understanding about education bat also become more willing to corporate with schools in attempts to improve children learning  also parent can help their children on home work and make sure that children are physically ready to learn at schools. From the extensive literature work research Heneveld and craig( 1996) argue that parent and community are the one of key factors to determine school effectiveness because they can preparer children readiness to come to school and their cognitive development  by ensuring children well balancing nutrition and health. Heneveld and Craig (1996.)

CONCLUSION
There for community and education sector is never being separated because education has are propose to improve are life in the community also community are participating full in the contribution on are education sector through involvement in improving curriculum, through involvement on addressing problem of student also through involvement on construction of schooling also create are potentially environment in home place.















REFERENCE.
Colletta, Nat  J.and Gillian Perkins.(1995). Participation in education. Environmental education
                papar No.001. participation Series. Washington, DC: The word Bank.
Bray (1996). Decentralization of education :Washingtonb, DC: wold bank.
 Harbert (Ed)(1997).; Community development around the world practice, theory, research,
              training. Toronto buffalo, and London: university of Toronto press.
Crew,Emma and Elizabeth Harrison.(1998) whose development? An ethonography of aid.
                London and new York.
















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