Explain the educational need and how the teacher should handle the child exceptional or the child should handle ; the child with exceptionality or the child with specific disability in the classroom

1.               Exceptional children, refers to the children with learning and or behavior problems, children with the physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and children who are intellectual, gifted or have a specific talent, mental child with communication disorders, child with hearing imperilment, a child with behavior disorders and a child with visual impairments (Browder, 2003)

2.         Mental exceptional, it is the primary area of exceptionality when the causes of a children development lag is unknown. Development decay is defined as a condition which represents a significant delay in the process of developments, (Mittler, 2002).

      Causes of mental exceptionally

            Causes of intellectual disabilities can include;

a)         Infections (present at birth or occurring)

b)         Down syndrome

c)         Environnemental

d)         Metabolic (such as hyperbilirubinemia, or very high bilirubin levels in babies) 

E)        Nutritional (such as mainutrition)

            Types of Exceptional children

There are four main types of Exceptional children / psychology

1.         The intellectual Exceptional child

2.         The physically Handicapped child

3.         The Emotionally Disturbed child

4.         The multi Handicapped child

Mental retarded child

            Is the developmental disabilities that first appear in children under the age of 18. It is defined as an intersexual functioning level ( as measured by standard tests for intelligence quotient) that is well below average and significant limitations in daily living skills ( adaptive functioning)

 Causes of mental retarded child

a)      Trauma before birth, such as an infection or exposure to alcohol, drug, or other toxic

b)      Trauma before birth, such oxygen deprivation or premature delivering

c)      Inherited disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) or Tay – such as disease.

d)     Chromosome abnormalities, such as down syndrome, pregnancy- related issue

Types of mental retarded child

        i.            Mild intellectual Disability

      ii.            Moderate intellectual Disabilities

    iii.            Severe intellectual Disabilities

    iv.            Profound intellectual Disabilities.

Talented and Gifted child

Talented children, Are these whose abilities have already been translated into achievement, and who are currently performing at a level that places them within the top 10 percent of their age peers.

Gifted children, as these who have high levels of innate ability, in any domain of human ability that places than within the top 10 percent of their age peers even if their high potential is not yet being demonstrated as high performance.

Causes of Talented and gifted child

a)      Emotional causes, such as pressure to conform, fear of failure, and low self esteem.

b)      Environmental causes, includes culture influence.

Types of gifted child.

Typically the six (6) types of giftedness includes

                                            i.            The successful

                                          ii.            The challenging

                                        iii.            The underground

                                        iv.            The dropouts

                                          v.            The double labeled

                                        vi.            The autonomous learner.

3.         Learning disabilities Are neurologically based processing problems. This processing problem can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing or math. They can also interference with high level skills such as organization, time planning, abstract reasoning, long or short term memory and attention. It is important to realize that learning disability can affect an individual life beyond academics and can impact relationship with family, friend and in the work place, (Bennetts, L.K,2002)

            Causes of learning disabilities

        i.            Hereditary

      ii.            Teratogenic factors (foristance alcohol or cocaine use during pregnancy)

    iii.            Diabetes

    iv.            Meningitis of mother or offspring and or environmental factors ( malnutrition, poor prenatal health care

Types of learning disabilities

                                i.            Dyspraxia, is a term that defines a disorder in development of skills, for stance a person with hypoxia may have difficult performing relatively simple, tasks, such as clapping, waving, brushes, their hair, their tooth, or other fine motor movements.

                              ii.            Dyslexia, is the types of learning disabilities that in most often characterized by difficult in reading. Dyslexia is characterized classified as the most common leading disorder or disabilities in children of school age.

                            iii.            Dysnomia, affect learning disabilities and is also called anomic a aphasia. A person with dynomia may have difficultly recollecting names or words. While we are have trouble remembering some ones name or word once in a while a person with dystopia experience chronic difficulties in such recollections.

                            iv.            Dyscabculic, is a medical term for disability in comprehending or dealing with mathematical or numeral calculations and arithmetic.

                              v.            Dysgraphia, is defined as a difficult in writing, printing or cursive handwriting. The condition is neurological in original and for children are recognized early on as the child is unable to create appropriately spaced and sized letters.

                            vi.            Brain injury, brain injury, trauma or disease process such as tumors surgery and cancers may cause may cause a number of learning disabilities, depending on the area.

Child with communication disorders, there are several types of communication disorder, including the following;

            Expressive language disorders, expensive language disorders identify developmental delays and difficulties in the ability to produce speech.

            Mixed receptive, expressive language disorders indentify developmental delay and difficulties in the ability to understand spoken language and produce speech.

            Causes of communication disorders in child

            Communication disorder may disorders may be developmental or they can be caused by

        i.            Physical problem such as a problems in brain development

      ii.            Expose to poisons (toxins) during pregnancy such as street drugs or lead.

    iii.            Genetic problems.

A child with Behaviors disorders,

            All kind misbehaves sometimes, and some may temporary behavior problems due to stress. For example the birth of a sibling, a divorce or a death in the family may cause a child to act out. Behavior disorders are more services. They involve a pattern of hostile, aggressive, or disruptive behaviors for more than six mouths. The behavior for more the child’s age. Anastro (polousia.A.D,1993).

Cause of child with  behavior  dicorder

a)      Some  biological cause  may include

b)      Physical  illness  one  disabilities

c)      Manlnatuition

d)     Brain  demage

e)      Herditery  fraction

 Other  factor  related to on  individual  home  life  may  contributed to behaviors  with  a  behavior disorder

·         Divorce or other emotional upset at home

·         Coercion from parent 

·         Unhealthy or in consistent discipline style

·         Poor attitude toward education or schooling

What are the types of behavior disorders

Behavior disorder may be broken down into a few  types  which  include which include

·         Anxienty disorder 

·         Disruptive disorder

·         Dissociated disorder

·         Emotional disorder

·         Pervaside developmental disorder

4.         Sensory impairment

Is the  disability of the  sense 

 Is  the common  term  used  to describe  deafness ,blinders ,visual ,impairment ,hearing  and  deaf ,blindness. It goes  not include  however  the sense of mall or touch  which  are often  include d  when  the sensory  norms  are created  to help  people  with  learning  difficulties or people  with  (mult - sensory impairment (Callicott k,j2003)

Types of sensory  impairment

i.                    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

 Are lifelong development disabilities.They affect  the  way same  one  interacts  with the  world  around  them  as well  with  other  people .Around  1 in 200 aussies  have  autism 9ABS,2012)

ii.                  Blindness and low vision,

A person  in considered legally  blind  if they  cannot  see  at six  meter what  someone  with  normal  vision  can  see  at 60 meter  or if  their  field  of  vision  is  less  is  than  20  degree in  diameter (vision  Australia )

iii.                Heaving los and deafness

                        Also know  as a heaving  impairment  is  the  partial  or  total  I ability  to hear  .If  someone  has  very litter  or  no  hearing  the  day  may be caused

Cause of sensory impairments

a). Cause of sightless

These  are many  cause  of  sight less  such as  injury or  infection  genetic or age related  such  as  ad 9age  related  ma cultural degeneration ) cataracts  and  diabetic  retinopathy. it  is also  possible to have  more than  one eye condition  such as retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma detached retinas

A child with visual impairments

 Is  a learn  aspect we  to describe  any kind  of  vision less  ,whether its  some one  who  can not  see at all or  some  who has  partial  vision  loss (Davis .P2002)

 Types  of visual  impairments

Categorities into two types 

a)      Blind and  partial  blindness 

b)     Color blinders

 Blind and partial blindness       

 Visual impairment  also  as vision  impairment or  vision  loss ,is  a decrease  to abilities  to  see  a degree that  cause  problem  not  fixable  by  usual  means  such as   glasses  some also  include  those  whose  have  a decreased  ability  to see  because  they do not  have  access to glasses  or  control  lenses 

Color blinders 

 There  are different  cause  of color  blindness  for  the  vast majority  people  with  deficient  color  vision  the condition  is genetic  and  has been  inherited from  their  mother

What are causes of vision loss?

 What put a child at risk?

            Some  babies  are born  blind or with severe  vision  loss this  can be  caused  many different  tings  including  abnormalities  in the  development  of the  eyes  or injury to  eye structure from  thing like  prematurity  related retina path or infections or by development problem or injury  to the  parts  of the  brain  responsible  for vision  some  of the factor  placing an infant , toddler, or child  at a significant risk for  visual  impairment  include 

  Prematurity, low birth needing to be treated with oxygen at birth or bleeding in the brain

 Family history of retinol blastoma, congenital cataracts or metabolic or genetic  disease 

 Infection  of  mother  during  pregnancy such as  rubella  toxo plasmosis, cytomegalo vivus, HIV ,and  some  sexually  transmitted  infection  including  herpes, gonorrhea  and  chlamydia )

Problem  with  the  central nervous  system  such  as  development  delay palsy  seizures or  hydrae phallus .

A child  with hearing  impairment

When your  child’s  ears can’t  do all  the thing they  should  be able  to do  for example  you child  might  not be  able  to  year sound coming  from  some  direction  or  she  have  trouble  hearing  certain  frequencies or  sound(Antias,D 2002)

 Types of hearing loss

 There are  two  types  of hearing  loss impairments 

1)      Conducive 

2)      Sensor neural

 Conducive  hearing  impairments  is when sound  from  outside  you  children ear  have  trouble  getting  to or going  through the different  parts  inside the ear conductive  hearing  impairment  it usually  caused  by  middle  ear infection  and  is usually temporary .

 Sensor neural hearing impairment 

The  nerves  that are in change  of receiving  sound  and sort out what it means  don’t  work  properly sensor neural ,moderate ,severe  impairment  can be  mild ,moderate ,severe or pre found .

 There are cause of  acquired hearing  loss  including 

        i.            A perforated eardrum 

      ii.            A serious head injury 

    iii.            Exposure to  loud  ,causing  noise  include  hearing 

    iv.            Taking  too  toxic  medication 

      v.            Infections like meningitis, measles mumps or  whooping cough.

 5.        A child  with physical  motor  impairmental 

If  your  child has  injury  or disabilities  that  hinders  normal  physical  functionining  .they  be  describe  as having  a physical  impairment .If  your child  has also  or  limited  function  in their  muscle  control  movement or  mobility they  will be  describe  as having  motor impairment (callicott ,2003)

 Causes  of physical  disabilities 

        i.            Inherited  or  genetic   disorder  such  as  muscular  dry strophy

      ii.            Condition  present at birth (congenital ) such as spina  bifida

    iii.            Serious  illness  affecting  the brain, nerves  muscles  such as  meningitis 

    iv.            Brain injury

      v.            Spinal cord injury

 Different  types  of disabilities 

       I.            Vision  impair mental

    II.            Deaf or hard  of hearing 

 III.            Mental health  condition

 IV.            Intellectual  disabilities

    V.            Acquired  brain  injury 

 VI.            Autism spectrum disorder 

VII.            Physical  disability

c). The characteristic and the method used to identify the following  

  i. The child with exceptional or the children with specified disabilities Characteristic

a)      Intellectual

ü  Highly curious, divergent thinker

ü  Intellectual advanced 

ü  Can see obscure

ü  Creative problem solver

ü  Unique insight into complex issues

b)      Physical 

ü  Issue with food, multiple food eve vision, need for eating rituals 

ü  Sensory processing  issues 

ü  Problem with digestions gut  hefty food  allergies 

ü  Extremely sensitive to stimuli

ü  Trouble controlling body movement awkward clumsy 

ü  Poor  fine  motor skills 

 

c). Emotional

ü  Empathetic 

ü  Deeply  connect  to  these  they  love 

ü  Often mature  beyond  their  years 

ü  Very  sensitive  easily  wounded emotional 

ü  Impulsive 

ü  Arrogant

d). Social

ü  Often  fell  lonely ,out  of sync with other 

ü  Concern  for  social  Justine

ü  Acre  deeply  about  the  future of the  world 

ü  Often  out with  adults

ü  May  struggle  to  express themselves  verbally 

ü  Love  to challenge  themselves  and  or  other 

ü  Often maunder strand ostracize 

Methods

 Exploration  of  typical and  typical  development  of the  whole  child ( cognitive ,language  ,physical ,social  and emotional ) through  examination  of development and learning  theories  education  and low  process impact  of disabilities  in child family  and  learning  collaborative  approached  support individual  need  of each  student.

D). Explain  the  educational  need  and  how  the  teacher  should  handle the  child  exceptional or  the child  should  handle ; the child  with exceptionality or the  child with  specific  disability in the  classroom

 “Exceptional  children”  need special  educational  service  which  embody  three  worth  of role  there are;

i.                     Traditional  professionals  personnel  teachers, teacher  educators  administrator ,consultants  the  rapidest ,speech  the  rapid and  other 

ii.                  The facilities including special building feature special equipment, special extra –literary materials and special crafts

iii.                Specials  auricular  content   suiting  different  area  of  exceptionality mental  retardation  gifted deafness  blindness, social  and emotional  adjustment 

 How the  teacher  should  handle  the  child  with  specials  disabilities  in the  classroom 

i.                     Alternative assessments 

 In the context of student with disabilities assessment refer information about a  student  in order  to identify  the strengths  of the  student to  decide  what special educational  al  support if any  student  needs

ii.                  Last restrictive environment 

 As the  combination  of setting  that  involve  the  student  with  regular  classroom  and  school  programs   much as  possible 

iii.                Individual educational education plan 

 The  third  that  idea  registration  and  current  educational approached  affect teacher  is by requiring teacher  and other  professional  staffs  to describe  develop  an annual  individual  educational  plan (or IEP) for  each  student  with a disability 

 Conclusion. 

            Exceptional  children it has been beneficial  to  learn  about  various  teaching  strategies  to aid  student  who  possess a variety of  disabilities. Through this  course  I have  learned  the importance  of working with parent  learning  specialist and  the student .Thought  schooling  student  ideally should  get to  point where  they  can learn  independent  and  be equipment  for  future education and college  if they  choose  to  purse  that course .Throughout  my observation  it was  interesting  o learning  in children with  exceptionalities.

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