Labeling

INTRODUCTION

Labeling refer to the process of categorizing individuals whose physical, mental or behavioral performance is so different from the norm either higher or low that additional services are needed to meet the individuals need.

Advantages of labeling

i) Labeling has to the development of specialized teaching methods, assessment approaches and behavioral interventions that are usefully for teachers of all students. By labeling educators are able to research the disabilities and identify or develop specialized method to reach students with the varied disabilities.

ii) Labeling makes it easier for legislators to understand the need for law protecting the rights of individuals with disabilities .in cases where applicable, labeling allow legislators to see the discrimination that person with disabilities face thus, making legislators develop laws to protects person with disabilities.

iii) Labeling the disabilities spotlight the problem for the public .labeling can Spark social concern and aid advocacy effort, when persons are labeled advocacy group now have an opportunity to identify the problem and lobby for it on behalf of the individuals. In other words, labeling creates cohesive communication for advocacy group.

iv) Labeling may take the majority without disabilities more tolerant of minority with disability. Labeling provides the person without the disability on opportunities to research about the condition and make them more tolerant of the person with disability. This is because people are labeled based on their educational or medical diagnosis.

Disadvantages of labeling

i) The labels start right from the mainstream classrooms and leave a “scar” On the children.

Some teacher who are unable to cope with challenging classroom situation, resort to crude measure argue That labeling students in these ways rather than identify and dealing with their problem is a part Of culture to cover up incompetent teacher's lack of ingenuity insight and creativity.

ii) Another issue of concern is that, the ways of special school are labeled with special names.

There are currently 22 Special segregated schools in Ghana (Ocloo, et al 2002).with the exception of one school. The only private one, which is known as new horizon.

iii) Dualism of education is still firmly rooted

Individual with disabilities attended segregated residential schools. Why other children attend mainstream school, in many school, classroom are Used for labeling students, rather teaching and learning. So there are 22 special schools for person with disabilities.

iv) Students cannot receive special education services until they are labeled, in many instances, the intervention comes too late. Students with disabilities are at a disadvantage when they have to wait to be labeled before they can receive special education services.

v) Labels may result in lower expectations for the child than for peers.

In some cases, the moment a child is lowered. As a result of the child disabilities, they are not expected to perform at a high standard as the rest of the class or their peers in general.

2. What is inclusion and why inclusion in education?

Inclusion in education is the process whereby ordinary schools accommodate all children in regular classes regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic and other condition (Brocker, 1995).

Also inclusion in education is very important and commonly to the field of special education

Without disabilities

i). Increase appreciation and acceptance of individual differences.

ii). Prepare all students for adult life in an inclusive society.

iii).Opportunities to master activities by practicing and teaching other.

iv). All students needs are better met, greatest resources for everyone.

v). Respect for all peoples

Children without disabilities through inclusive education prepare to respect each other through good teaching.

vi). Greater Academic outcomes

Children without disabilities also become a greater in academic outcomes because they are very intellectual and intelligent through shearing with other and they haven't any stress levels.

Conclusion

Generally, Researchers have documented various cases when stress levels in families are associated with the way society constructs and levels their children. A situation which lead to difficulty in psychological adjustment, Social exclusion (fowle, 1968:Adam.1984, Brinchman, 1999).The list of the labeling effect on the person with disabilities and their families is never ending. Also in the notion of inclusion, inclusive education is concerned with the education of all children in mainstream general school and general classrooms.

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