Read Arusha declaration. Analyze its key foundation explain how it affects individuals and Tanzania society

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT:                            EDUCATION     

COURSE TITTLE:                         DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

COURSE CODE:                            DP; 111

COURSE INSTRUCTOR:                MR. LUPOGO

NATURE OF ASSIGNMENT:          GROUP ASSIGNMENT

ATTEMPTED BY:                            GROUP 13

s/n	Names of participants	Registration numbers	Signature
1	EMANUEL CHARLES	STE/BAED/164350
2	ENEA KABUNGU MWALYOGA	STE/BASO/121955
3	CLEMENT BAZIL CHUMI	STE/LLB/125157
4	CHRISTINA ANDREW	STE/BAED/164142
5	ESTERIA SHEMHONGA	STE/BAED/164284
6	SOPHIA JAMES MANGASINI	STE/BAED/164288
7	GROLIA JUMA NZUNDA	STE/BAED/164446
8	MALO M. MCHILOWE	STE/BAED/164315
9	SAID R. TUPA	STE/BBA/123425

TASK: Read Arusha declaration. Analyze its key foundation explain how it affects individuals and Tanzania society

INTRODUCTION

Arusha declaration this refers to the two policies which is intended by Mwl Julius Kambarage Nyerere on 5 February 1967 at Arusha. Where by the aim of Arusha Declaration that is introduced by Mwl JK Nyerere was to bring together  the whole mass of Tanzania so that  they  can join to fight against poverty diseases and ignorance not only that but also to take away oppression from other peoples after Mwl JK Nyerere to introduce  the policy of Arusha Declaration in 1967.

This policy has its key foundations as follows;    

The TANU creed; the policy of TANU was to build a socialist state, the principles of socialism are laid down in the TANU constitution and there was as follows, that all human being are equal, that every individual has a right to dignity and respect, that every individual is an integral part of the nation the nation and has the right to take an equal part in government at local, regional and national levels.

The policy of socialism: refers to the policy of populist economic and political system based on public ownership also known as collective or common ownership of the means of production. This policy considered the following criteria to be introduced as follows:

a)      Absence of exploitation; this refers to the situation whereby all major means of production are owned by all people so that to avoid exploitation of man to man in the society. A truly socialist state is one in which all people are workers and in which neither capitalist nor feudalism exists. It does not have two classes of people a lower class composed of people also work for their living and upper class of people who live on the work of others. In really socialist country no person exploits another.

b)      The major means of production and exchange are under the control of the peasants and workers; this means that all major means of production like land and machine should be under the control of the peasants and workers and not otherwise; to build and to maintain socialism it is essential that all the major means of the production and exchange in the nation are controlled and owned by the peasants through the machinery of their government and their cooperation. Therefore Arusha declaration aimed to create a solid foundation to the peasant and worker so that they can control all major means of production in the country.

c)      The existence of democracy; This refers to the situation whereby all individuals in the country have a right to make decision. Democracy according Abraham Lincoln is the government of the people for the people by the people. Therefore a state or country is not socialist simply because its means of production and exchange are controlled or owned by the government either wholly or in large part, for a country to be a socialist, it is essential that its government is chosen and led by the peasant and workers them. If the minority government of Rhodesia or South Africa controlled or owned the entire economies of these respective countries, the result would be a strengthening of the oppressions not the building of socialism. 

d)     Socialism in a belief; this refers to the way of life; a socialist society cannot simply come into existence. A socialist society can only be built by those who believe in and who themselves practice, the principles of the socialism. A committed member of TANU will be a socialist and his follow socialist that is, his fellow-believers in this political and economic system are all those in Africa or elsewhere in the world who fight for the right of peasants and workers.

The policy of self reliance; Here the rate Mwl Julius Nyerere say that "we are at war" because TANU are involved in a war against poverty and oppression in our country. This struggle is aimed at moving the people of Tanzania and people of Africa as a whole from a state of poverty to a state of prosperity, he continued saying that we have been oppressed a great deal, we have been exploited and disregarded a great deal. Its our weakness that has led to our being oppressed , exploited and disregarded , here he continued says that now we want a revolution which brings to an end our weakness so that we are never again exploited, oppressed or humiliated. 

a.       Also the late Mwl Julius Nyerere emphasized that a poor man does not use money as weapon, but it is obvious that is past we have chosen the wrong weapon for our struggle because we choose money as our weapons of the economically strong.

b.      Also Mwl Julius Nyerere emphasized that do not  let us depend upon money for development he say that its stupid to rely on money as the major instrument of development when we know only too well that our country is poor. It is equally stupid indeed it is even more stupid for us to imagine that we shall rid ourselves of our poverty through foreign financial assistance rather than our own financial resources.

c.       Also he emphasized that we should not depend on gifts and loans will endanger our independence. This means that even if it were possible for us to get enough money for our needs from external source is this what we really want independence means self reliance independence cannot be real if a nations depends upon gifts and loans from another for its development. Even if there was a nation, or nations prepared to give us all the money we need for our development, it would be improper for us to accept such assistance without asking ourselves how this would affect our independence and our very survival as a nation.

d.      Also he emphasized much on industries, here he rate Mwl Julius Kambarage nyerere emphasized on the development of industries whereby he spoken to the peasant to word had so that there will be enough raw material to feed the industries in our mother country, here peasants and workers were responsible to produce raw material in their farm as the member of socialism during that time.

e.       Also the rate Mwl Julius Kambarage Nyerere spoken about people and agriculture, here he says the development of the country is brought by people not by money. Money and wealth it represents, is the result and not the basic of development, here the source of development were mentioned as follows people, land, good policies and good leadership, agriculture is the basic of development. This means that a large part of the Tanzania land is fertile and gets sufficient rain this will accelerate people to produce various crops for internal use and external export example we can produce food like maize, rice and others crops for export so as to get money and not only that also we can conduct grazing of cattle in large area.

Another key foundation was to show the conditions of development in the country which as follows;

a)      Hard work; This means that by applying physical and mental hard working people will produce a large quality of goods from different areas where by this will increase exchange of goods in the country hence will led to development; here he spoken about the majority people of Tanzania wants development but not everybody under stands and accept the basic requirements for development, the biggest requirement is hard work. Let us go to the villages and talk to our people and see whether or not it is possible for them to work for harder.

b)      National economy developed slowly; this was due to the lack of motivation by individual because of lesser reward. Also this influenced by less entrepreneurial opportunity and competition among individuals.

c)        Intelligence; Here he spoken about the way how people can use their mind to bring development. The use of intelligence, unintelligence hard work would not bring the same good results as the two combined. Using a big hoe instead of a small one using a plow pulled by oxen instead of an ordinary hoe, the use of fertilizers , the use of insecticides, knowing the right crop for a particular seasons or soil and choosing good seed for planting. This things if will be apply in the farm development will come. Also here still the members spoken about hard work as the root of development.

d)      Good policies; This also is considered to speak about development whereby they talked about the principles of our policy of self reliance go hand in hand with our policy of socialism in order to prevent exploitation it is necessary for everybody to work and to live on his own labour and in order to distribute the national wealth fairly, it is necessary to everybody to work the maximum of his ability.

e)      Good leadership; Also development to come there should be good leadership in the country, whereby that time TANU reorganize the urgency and important of good leadership. But we have no yet produced systematic training for our leaders. It is necessary that TANU head quarters should prepare a training program of leaders for that time from the national level to the ten house cell level so that every one of them understand our political and economic policies, here they emphasized that leaders must set a good example for the rest of the people in their lives and in all their activities. Also Arusha declaration after being introduced in 1967 it affected individual and society as follows;

a.       People get conscious that work is the source of development and not money; this was the spirit of our late president Mwl Julius Kambarage Nyerere that development is brought by people and not money because money is the result of hard working of the people hence this led to the majority people of Tanzania to engage in agriculture for agriculture.

b.      Development of industry; this was the result of Arusha declaration of 1967 where by education for self reliance was provided to every individual where by people engaged in agriculture to produce raw material that will be used in the industry for examples in Morogoro , Tanga, sisal production were introduced.

c.       Also it encouraged hard working; this also is another impact of Arusha declaration as it encouraged people to be hard working everywhere to remove poverty and to create a country of prosperity by that time whereby people started to work hard in different area of production.

d.      Also it created unity and solidarity among the Tanzanian; this means that all people in the nations should work together to bring changes and development in their country where this situation by that removed or swept away all some sort of exploitation and humiliation among the member state.

e.       It led to existence of full democracy in the community; this also was the impact of Arusha declaration whereby democracy was found to be important in the community where every individual had a right to speak and other majority listen to his/her speech and finally make judgment of what he/she spoken  about this situation made  people to be free in their community.

CONCLUSION

Therefore, Arusha Declaration of 1967 was introduced to civilizer all Tanzanian and to make them independent about life and to forget that development doesn’t come easily and does not need money but the only way is hard working in different area of production.

REFERENCES

Lichtheim ,George.(1975). A Short History of Socialism. Glasgow; Collins.

Julius Nyerere intellectual festival week April 12-15, 2011 organized by Mwalimu Nyerere professional chair in pan Africa studies, university of Dar es salaam with the generous           support of Haki Elimu Second edition

Wright, Anthony. (1986).Socialism; Theories and Practices. Oxford and New York; Oxford University Press