Weather

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INTRODUCTION
Weather is a condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time. Most weather phenomena occur in the lowest level of atmosphere, while climate refers to the pattern, using statistical data of a place over a long enough period of yield meaningful. Climate is an important physical element because it indicate the atmospheric condition of heat, moisture and circulation. It plays a dominant role in shaping vegetation and soil.
There are any element that makes up both the weather and the climate of geographical location. The most significant element are;
Atmospheric pressure, is the pressure within the atmospheric earth. The standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325 pa,equivalent to 750mm hg,29.9212 inches hg, or 14.196 psi or defined as the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the  weight of air above that surface
Humidity, is the concentration of water vapor present air ,water vapour,The gaseous state the of water is generally invisible to human eye. relative humidity, expressed as a percentage indicates a present state of absolute humidity relative to maximum humidity given the sane area.
Precipitation, refers to the product of condensation f atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main form of precipitation include drizzle,rain,sleet,snow,precipitation occur when a portion of the atmosphere become saturated with water vapor so that water condenses and "precipitate" This process is typically active when freezing rain occur.
Topography, it detailed map of the surface features of land. It include the mountain, hill, Creek and other bumbs and limps on a particular hunk of earth.
Solar irradiance, irradiance is the measurement of solar power and is defined as the rate at which solar energy falls on to a surface. Solar irradiance is power per unit area, received from the sum in the form of electromagnetic radiation as reported in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
Wind,is the of gases on large scale on the surface of the earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air .the influence of monsoon wind in India is overwhelming. In Arabic language the word"mausim"means season and if wind change its direction seasonally, then it is called a monsoon wind .India remains under the domain of a humid oceanic south-west,monsoon in summer and dry North-east monsoon of land origin in winter.
Temperature, is measure of how hot or cold something is,especially, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object,which is a type of energy associated motion.Temperature is not equivalent of the energy of a thermodynamic system. E.g burning match is at much higher temperature than an iceberg, but the total heat energy contained in an iceberg is much greater than the energy contained in a match.
THE CONTROLS OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE
The element of weather and climate have its controls.The following are the controls of element of weather and climate;
Latitude,influence temperature: Amount of isolation is a function of latitude
Distribution of land and water,influence Temperature and moisture. But temperature differ by 18C Seattle is warmer;maritime area experience milder temperature in both winter and summer. Maritime area usually more humid than continental ereas.
General atmospheric circulation, influence most elements of weather and climate.generally surface wind vary with latitude flow mostly from the west.
General oceanic circulation, it influence most elements of weather and climate. Ocean are in constant motion; indicate broad general pattern of currents. Example East-coast have warm current; west-coast have cool current.
Eleviation,influence temperature, pressure and moisture; all decrease with altitude
Topography barrier, influence wind by diverting them .Wind ward side of mountain or large his;faces the wind(wetside).
Therefore,while our understanding of how climate change affects extreme weather is still developing, Evidence suggest that extreme weather may be affected even more than anticipated. Extreme weather is on the rise, and the indication are that it will continue to increase; in both predictable and unpredictable ways.



REFERENCES,
Arthur Newell Strahler (1960) physical geography new york:John wiley & Sons,second edition, p.185
F.J.monkhouse 1978.A dictionary of geography Landon:Edward anold


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