philosophical Circles and started writing in philosophy the following are the philosophy of history according to comte.
Philosophy
of history, this means though about the past events or critical thinking about historical
concepts, method and theory about history. Augustine Comte, In full Isidore Augustine marine, Francosis Xavier he was
born January 19, 1798 Montpe llier
France-died September 5, 1857 pans) he was a French philosopher known as the
founder of sociology (Charles A. Ellwood 1938). Comte was influenced in
economical and philosopher under Sant
Simon Intelage. Comte become active in philosophical
Circles and started writing in philosophy the following are the philosophy of
history according to comte.
History should be based on positivism, positivism is a philosophical
theory state that certain (positive) know ledge is based on natural phenomena
and their properties and relations. Thus on formation of history derived from
sensory experience interpreted through reason and logic forms the exclusive
source of all certain knowledge that to hold that valid knowledge is found any
in the posterior knowledge. That mean an historian must write the historical
information that based on logic and reason in any studying phenomena so comte
argue that any historian must based in positivism in writing any historical
information and not in valid (Auguste Comte 1988).
So comte gives a in A General View of Positivism
French philosopher Auguste Comte (1798 1857) gives an overview of his social
philosophy known as Positivism. Comte, credited with coining the term' sociology'
and one of the first to argue for it as a science, is concerned with reform,
progress and the problem of social order in society. In this English edition of
the work, published in 1865, he addresses the practical problems of
implementing his philosophy or doctrine, as he also refers to Positivism, into
society. He believes that society evolves through a series of stages that are
ruled by social laws and culminate in a superior form of social Iife. During
this reorganisation of society, which will find its greatest supporters among
women and the working class, a 'new moral power will emerge. Under the motto
love, order and progress' Comte wishes humanism to replace organized religion
as the object of spiritual worship (Auguste comte 1865).
According to Comte, all human societies went through
three natural stages of development across their history. He recognized that
these changes were not instantaneous, nor did everyone in a society accept them
at the same time. Like his theory of individual development, however, this law
also began with humans as obedient and resolved them as critical. The three
stages of this development were:
Stage One: The Theological stage. This was the first stage of human
development,
where people understood the world and the natural
phenomena within it as supernatural Specifically, societies developed
personified deities that represented natural forces and obeyed the laws of
these deities absolutely. Theology, is the systematic study of the nature of
the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic
discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with
the unique content of analyzing the supernatural, but also deals with religious
epistemology, asks and seeks to answer the question of revelation. Revelation
pertains to the economic acceptance of God, gods, or deities, as not only
transcendent or above the natural world, but also willing and able to interact
with the natural world and, in particular, to reveal themselves to humankind.
While theology has turned into a secular field, religious adherents still
consider theology to be a discipline that helps them live and understand
concepts such as life and love and that helps them lead lives of obedience to
the deities they follow or
Second stage metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the
fundamental nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and
matter, between substance and attribute, and between potentiality and
actuality. The word "metaphysics" comes from two Greek words that,
together, literally mean "after or behind or among [the study of] the
natural". It has been suggested that the term mignt have been coined by a
first century CE editor who assembled various small selections of Aristotle's
works into the treatise we now know by the name Metaphysics (ta meta phusika,
'atter the Physics', another of Aristotle's works). Metaphysics studies
questions related to what it is for something to exist and what types of
existence there are. Metaphysics seeks to answer, in an abstract and fully
general manner, the questions.
What is there?
What is it like?
Comte describes the metaphysical phase of humanity
as the time since the Enlightenment, a time steeped in logical rationalism, to
the time right after the French Revolution. This second phase states that the
universal rights of humanity are most important. The central idea is that
humanity is invested with certain rights that must be respected. In this phase,
democracies and dictators rose and fell in attempts to maintain the innate
rights of humanity.
The final stage of the trilogy of Comte's universal
law is the scientific, or positive, stage. The central idea of this phase is
that individual rights are more important than the rule of any one person.
Comte stated that the idea of humanity's ability to govern itself makes this
stage inherently different from the rest. There is no higher power governing
the masses and the intrigue of any one person can achieve anything based on
that individual's free will. The third principle is most important in the
positive stage. Comte calls these three phases the universal rule in relation
to society and its development. Neither the second nor the third phase can be
reached without the completion and understanding of the preceding stage. All
stages must be completed in progress.
Finally Comte believed that the appreciation of the
past and the ability to build on it towards the future was key in transitioning
from the theological and metaphysical phases. The idea of progress was central
to Comte's new science, sociology. Sociology would "lead to the historical
consideration of every science" because "the history of one science,
including pure political history, would make no sense unless it was attached to
the study of the general progress of all of humanity". As Comte would say:
"from science comes prediction; from prediction comes action." It is
a philosophy of human intellectual development that culminated in science. The
irony of this series of phases is that though Comte attempted to prove that
human development has to go through these three stages, it seems that the
positivist stage is far from becoming a realization. This is due to two truths:
The positivist phase requires having a complete understanding of the universe
and world around us and requires that society should never know
if it is in this positivist phase.
History must deal with the society comte philosophy
of history suggest that the history must
come out with ideas which concerning with society is the one that makes history
eg French revolution (1789) which occur in French helped the society of French
in rise of democracy also other elites use French revolution are an example to
get democracy for example French revolution led to the occurrence of European
revolution
Thus the society is the one that makes history for
stance French society makes a history through French revolution
History
moves in cyclical motion Comte philosophy of history explain that both past and
present can communicate each other. So other because we can use past predict
the future which can be used to refer the past.For example in the past Africa
continent was
REFERENCE
Auguste Camte (1988) Introduction to positive
philosophy, Hackett publisher British.
Charles A. Ellwood (1938) A history of social
philosophy: New York publication.
Auguste Camte (1865), General view of positivism.
English publication.
Comments
Post a Comment