The economic divide and income gap between industrial countries and developing countries has widened continually

Dependency theory is a school of thought in contemporary social science which seeks to contribute to an understanding of underdevelopment, an analysis of its causes, and to a lesser extent, paths toward overcoming it. It arose in Latin America in the 1960s, became influential in academic circles and at regional organizations, spread rapidly to North America, Europe, and Africa, and continues to be relevant to contemporary debate. This article examines the history of its chief concept, describes its evolution over time, analyzes its influence, and evaluates its validity and prospects for social science in the future. (H.R. Sonntag, 2001 )

 The economic divide and income gap between industrial countries and developing countries has widened continually .The polarisation between North and South is more pronounced than ever the united Nations Human development report 1997 show that the share of world trade for 48 least developed nations representing 10% of the world population has halved in the past two decade.

Presence of World Bank (WB) and international monetary systems (IMF);The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that aims to promote global economic growth and financial stability, encourage international trade, and reduce poverty. The World Bank is an international organization dedicated to providing financing, advice, and research to developing nations to aid their economic advancement. The bank predominantly acts as an organization that attempts to fight poverty by offering developmental assistance to middle- and low-income countries. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. In a real sense the money that provided by IMF and World Bank are not for alleviate poverty to the third world countries, since they are returned with high price, and the loans are provided on material form that does not provide a wide range for its uses. The dependency theory suggests that in order to archive in our economy we should not depend on loans and grants from WB and IMF, In order to achieve in our economy.

 Increasing globalisation which appears an inevitable social condition and process has pointed out to their interconnected nature of the world to day. Never has there been so much flow of capital finances ,goods,people, ideas and so on some of these interconnection had been pointed out by the economic commission for Latin America and Caribbean in 1950s.

Existence of Political systems; A political system is a complete set of institutions, interest groups (such as political parties, lobby groups), the relationships between those institutions and the political norms and rules that govern their functions (constitution, election law). A political system is a concept in which theoretically regarded as a way of the government makes a policy and also to make them more organized in their administration. The political system is also another reason for third world countries backwardness, in a sense that we practice the democracy according to the existing ideology. For example in the early 1980’s after fall of soviet union most of African counties were forced to adopt multipart system so as to get aid and loans from USA. The multiparty system in other hand has many negative indirect out comes include wars, for example in Congo it created the endlyess war between the rebel and the government, in which the rebels are supported by USA in a manner that while the war continue to take their mineral.

gap between the rich and the poor. The share in the global income of the poorest 20% of the world's people has fallen from 2.3% in 1960 and 1.4% in 1991 to a current level of 1.1% while the ratio of income of the top 20% to that of the poorest 20% rose from 30.1 % in 1960 to 60.1% in 1991 and grew still further to a figure of 78.1% in 1994 in other words the rich are getting richer while poor are getting poor.

        Foreign investments; Investment as the act of putting money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or get an advantage, or the money, effort, time, etc. used to do this, To invest is to allocate money in the expectation of some benefit in the future. Foreign investments also are another reason of why today we have so called underdeveloped countries. The theory says that the underdeveloped countries are not underdeveloped but they are underdeveloped due to their relationship with developed countries. An investment is one of the argumentative reasons of global inequalities between world countries. The foreigners continue to get more profit on the land of third world countries by so called foreign investments. For example mining investments, the foreigners benefit more while the indigenous continue to live a miserable life, while their land is so rich with mineral. So mines is one area, there are other areas that the foreigners are benefited from Africans on so called investments include agriculture.

Moreover, dependency theory or foreign dependency would likely require global coordination and agreement. Assuming such a prohibition could be achieved, poor, undeveloped nations would have to be banned from engaging in any sort of incoming economic exchanges with more powerful nations. In other words, they could sell their resources to developed nations because this would, in theory, bolster their economies. However, they would not be able to purchase goods from wealthier countries. As the global economy grows, the issue becomes more pressing.

  

REFFERENCES

Annan, K.; Camdessus M. and Rubin R. (2008) “Amid the turmoil, do not forget the poor,” Financial Times, October 30, http://next.ft.com/content/c9c35622-a6a6-11dd-95be-000077b07658 [accessed April 8 2016].