Explain plagiarism and its importance in academic work. 2. With example explain APA style of references.
1. Explain
plagiarism and its importance in academic work.
2. With
example explain APA style of references.
INTRODUCTION
According
to University dictionary (1995),
Plagiarism refers to presenting someone else ideas as your own, with or without
their consent by corresponding it into your work without full acknowledgement.
All published and unpublished materials whether in manuscript printed or
electronic form is covered under this meaning.
According
to Muchiri (2017), Plagiarism is the
act of copying another`s work someone else originally ideas to act as their
work or is a type of cheating that involves the use of another person ideas,
words, design, art, music and so on as one own in whole or in part without
acknowledging the author his or her permission.
Muchiri (2017),
states the different types of plagiarism and all are serious violations of
academic honest.
1. Direct
plagiarism is the word to word Transcription of a section of someone else work
without attribution and without quotation marks
For example:
Source
of materials:
In ages which have record these islands were the
home of mill of happy birds, the resort of a hundred times more millions of fishes
of sea, lions and creatures.
Editing style:
Long ago when there were no written story these
islands was the home of millions of happy birds the resort of a hundred times
more mills of sea, lions and other creatures.
2. Accidental
plagiarism, Muchiri (2017), said
that this type occur when a person neglects to either their sources or
unintentionally paraphrases a sources by using similar words, sentences
structure without attribution.
3. Muchiri (2017),
states another type of plagiarism which is Mosaic
plagiarism, occur when students borrows phrases from a source without using
quotation words or finds. Synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to
the same general structure and meaning of the origin.
For example
Source material:
In ages which
have no records these islands were the home of millions of contrast the
condition into which all these friendly Indians are suddenly plunged now with
their conditions.
Editing style:
Only two years later all these friendly Sioux were
suddenly plunged into new conditions.
Simmons (1986), states the importance
of plagiarism of academic work that,
(i)
According
to Simmons (1986), plagiarism helps to provide a list which distinguish between
plagiarism source and its editing style of material.
for
example.
When
you say:
·
Bad management time skills means unable to cope with work load.
·
Lack of understand means I can’t do this.
(ii)
Plagiarism is a very serious academic
offense that deals with both the legal and ethical issues of using someone else
work without proper citation.
(iii)
Bradley
(1974), said that plagiarism helps you to learn how best to
write in a way which will convince the marker. That you understand what you are
talking about.
(iv)
Bradley
(1974), also noted that plagiarism will help you to comply
with the law and with academic policies. It helps you to use other ideas, words
or work without presenting them as your own.
(v)
Ross
(2006), said that plagiarism helps to copy content from
someone without getting caught you show your skills and cleverness in doing
that.
(vi)
Also Ross (2006), states that plagiarism
help to staying within the regulatory and ethical limits.
(vii)
It helps to write original piece within
a short time, (According to Ross, 2006).
(viii)
It also helps to provide links of the
source text, (According to Mutua R.W
2011)
INTRODUCTION
APA STYLE which means
American Psychological Association.
According to Wren (2006),
originated in 1929 when a group of psychologist anthropologist and business
managers convened and sought to establish a simple set of producers or style
rules that would codify the many components of scientific writing to negligent
the ease of reading comprehension.
Wren, continue to explain as with other
additional style APA consists of rules or guidelines that a publisher observes
to ensure clear and consistence presentation of written materials. It concerns
uniform use of such elements as such selection of headings, tone length,
punctuation and abbreviation, presentation of table and figures, citation of
reference and way elements that are a part of manuscript.
Hacker, D (1999), states APA style in
most social sciences, classes such as Psychology, sociology, anthropology and
business, you will be asked to use the APA style of in text citation and
references. The guidelines in this section are consistent with publication
manual of the American Psychological Association.
APA references
(biographic entries)
In
APA style the alphabetical list of work cited is called reference (According to
Lark 1982). This section presents specific models to follow while preparing
each entry in your list along with the following general advice.
According to Lark (1982) the following are
the basic rules of writing references:
(i)Alphabetizing the list, alphabetize your list by
the last name of the authors, if there is no authors or editors alphabetize by
the first word of the other than A, An, The.
For
example,
For the book of two authors or more.
Winncott, D.W and Hamer, D (1998)
Means Hamer, D and Winncott, D.W (1998)
(ii) Authors name invert all authors name and use
initial name instead of first name, with two or more authors use sign (&) rather
the word (and).
For
example
Duncan, G.J and Brooks, G. J (1997) means Brooks G.
J & Duncan G. J (1997)
(iii) The first line of the reference list is left
hand side.
For
example
Mulokozi, M
(2003), Fasihi ya Kiswahili Sanifu.
(iv) Capitalize the first latter of each content
word in the title of the book.
For
example
O’glady, W (1987), Contemporary Linguistic Theory.
(v) Italicize the title of the book. Example
O’glady, W (1987), Contemporary
Linguistic Theory.
According
to Lark (1982) the following are the reference details
(i)Authors sir or last name appeared by initial
name.
For
example
George Yule (1976)
Write: Yule, G (1976)
(ii)Year of publication written in bracket.
For
example
Yule, G (1976)
(iii) The title of the book written after the year
of publication.
For
example
Yule, G (1976), Linguistics
Theory .
(iv) Include addition number in bracket.
For
example
(3rd
ed)
(v) Write the place of publication (city or place)
Dar es salaam
For
example
Yule, G (1976),
Linguistics Theory. (3rd ed). Dar es salaam:
(vi) Write the book published name.
For example
Yule, G (1976), Linguistics
Theory. (3rd ed). Dar es salaam: Temeke Printing Place .
REFERENCES:
Guralnik, D.B (1995) University Dictionary ( 5thed).
Nairobi: Longman Ltd.
Mchiri, M (2017), Communication Skills for Colleges and Universities. Nairobi:
Longman.
Simmons, W. H (1986), Understanding, Practice and Analyze (2ed ed). New York:
Graw Hill Inc.
Bradley, E. B (1974), Fundamentals of Speech Communication (5th ed). Lowa:
Brown Publishers.
Ross, S.R (1974), Speech Communication (3rd ed). Jersey: Jersey
Publishers.
Mutual, et al (2011), Study and Communication Skills. Nairobi: Macmillian Publishers.
Hacker, D (1999), A Writer’s References (4thed). Boston: United State of
America.
Lark, R.B (1982), Effective English for Business Communication. Toronto: Gage
Publishers.
Wren, P. C (2006), High School Grammar and Composition. India: Chand Publishing
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