Counseling

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Counseling is the process of helping people with their troubles. Counseling sometimes known as therapy or helping. It is an attempt to encourage change. A troubled person goes to the counselor because he/she is unable to figure out a solution alone ( Khrumboltz  & Thoresen  1976 ).  
The book has very potential information that can help the professional counselors to improve their careers and help their clients or counselees to benefit from the counseling process, however there are some weaknesses that to some extend can pull down the efficiency of those in need, just as shown  here under starting with strength.
One of the strengths of the book is that the counselor should give different solutions to different people having the same problem. The author says “unfortunately a few counselors have readymade solutions” with this the author encourages the counselors to undergo some processes and procedures in order to  arrive at a particular client’s problem and then find a good solution to it. A counselor having the readymade solutions might give a wrong solution to a client “B” just because the same solution worked properly to the client “A” who had the same problem.
The book has also associated counseling with the Pavlov theory of conditioning whereby a counselor finds a solution to clients’ problems through reinforcing only the positive behaviour. For example the counselor wants a child to learn to speak truth, he must then be sure that speaking truth is rewarded and telling lies is not rewarded. However the author does not encourage punishment to negative behaviours,  as this will force a child to pretend positive behaviours in order to avoid punishment. In this case the client will not be in a position to remedy his/her behavior. This is strength because the author has used two different disciplines to bring about positive results in counseling. (Khrumboltz J.D & Thoresen1976: 6)
Another strength of the book is that the author has explained how to manage fears rather than avoiding them.( Khrumboltz  & Thoresen 1976:47). The author has shown the importance of teaching clients how to handle anxieties when they rise rather than teaching them the methods of avoiding the anxieties in the first place. A good example is the situation of corona and covid 19 in Tanzania, the president of The United Republic of Tanzania John Pombe Magufuli has succeeded to suppress people’s anxieties over corona and covid 19. He succeeded to convince people to believe that covid 19  is a minor case and it is just like any other diseases that we have had for years in our societies. He encouraged them to go on with their everyday activities quit contrary to measures taken by other nations. He has used systematic desensitization technique which  has helped people to get rid of all fears about corona and covid 19.
The book has also written about methods of eliciting verbal behavior from uncooperative clients. The author says that the most difficult time in counseling adolescents is when they refuse to talk and remain silent. The writer suggests that the counselor should try to make his/her client trust him or her by making the client free to speak through asking him/her very specific questions (pg 58). This program is of very great help to some clients especially children who have been inflicted by social humiliation and have been prohibited to reveal the humiliation to anybody. The counselor with such skills can help many children to be ready to speak and get them out of the chaotic situation.
Apart from that the author has also presented various methods and techniques of carrying out counseling processes and vivid examples of how some counselors carried out counseling processes with their clients. This helps counseling students to acquire the best knowledge of their course. For example the author has presented how a counselor carried out counseling process with an adolescent who refused to talk. (Khrumboltz & Thoresen 1976: 48). Therefore the book has succeeded to associate theories and the practical in the discipline of counseling.
The book also directs how to teach decision making skills to children (Khrumboltz  &Thoresen 1976: 377). This is a very important aspect to children because they have to make some kind of decision by their own, most of the children in our country find themselves in wrong destination just because they have not been taught to make proper decisions, as a result they end up living out of their choices.
Apart from strength the book has also some weakness which hinder the development of counseling as a discipline as shown below.
The first weakness is that the book has only worked upon  counseling while it has neglected guidance which is very important as well, it has neglect the demands  of many people in the society who need to be guided almost in every aspect of life.
In addition to that the book is contextually based on American and European societies. For example the author has addressed the issue of homosexuality in America whereby formally it officially recognized as a psychiatric disorder but later on The Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the list of Psychiatric Disorder. This means that homosexuality is no longer a problem that needs counseling in America and Europe because it has been legalized and so it is a right to anybody who needs it.
Another weakness is in the follow up process in which the author has shown an option of the client to supervise him/herself during recovery period. This is not good because sometimes if the client is not fully committed he/she may neglect the step or procedures given by the counselor For example a cigarette smoker or an overeater may go back to the previous behaviour if there is no close supervision.
    Another weakness is in the group counseling. The commitment of the members of the group differ from one member to another as well as the point of satisfaction, when a solution is reached it might not reach to every member of the group due to the differences in their level of satisfaction, the unsatisfied sometimes are afraid of going against many, when going home there is a possibility of the problem to erupt again, because members of the group were not satisfied equally with the solution or steps take toward eradicating the problem










REFFERNCE
 Khrumboltz J.D & Thoresen C.E (1976). Counseling Methods: New York. Stanford University Press;





















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