Guidanc

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  INTRODUCTION
Due  to  these two   terms ‘’Guidance’’   and’’ Counseling’’ defined by many scholars but according to the question , I decide to choose  the book of Rao S.N (2008).Where tries to defines Guidance as follow;-
         Guidance, is the assistance given to individuals to make intelligence choice and adjustments. It based on the conception that it is duty and the right of every Individual to choose his or her own way of life as long as his or her choice does not interfere with others. (Rao, 2008)  So a great aims of Guidance according to Rao is to provides materials      and non materials so as to solve various problems that still an individual may be facing at a given time
     But also other writers tries to defines Guidance as follows;-
        Guidance  refers  to the process of helping an individual’s  to understand and use the information  wisely  to adjust  Into the environment  and live  satisfactory .when it aimed  on helping an individual  to find  out solutions    for their problem by advising  and directing  people towards  success(Mwenda,2014).
              Thungu ,(2010).said that Guidance  is the lifelong process  of directing or assisting of an individual  to understand  and accept himself or herself  so as to discover and develop his or her potentialities  While Counseling as a professional service rendered  by attained and competent  counselor to another person who is normal but is faced by a problem that he or she Is struggling to cope with .Or it is face to face interaction between counselor and counselee.
          Counseling refers to the skilled  and principled use of relationship which develops  self knowledge ,emotional acceptance and growth as well as personal resource .The aims  of  the concerned with addressing and resolving specific problems ,make decisions coping with crises ,working through feelings and inner conflicts or improving relationship with other (Mutie and Ndabuki,2009)   
        Counseling, is   the process which involves bringing about sequential changes over a period of time leading  to a set goal ( Rao,2008) This definition stress  that the counselor –counselee relationship Is not casual ,matter –of –fact and business- like but that it is characterized by warmth , responsiveness and understanding. It requires the special knowledge, skills, experience  and perspectives  .Also the goal of counseling is to help individuals overcome their immediate problems  and also to equip them to meet future problems .
                       GENERAL DESCRIPTION   OF THE BOOK
Rao S. N(2008) his book become as a supports to the vocational ,career and school counselors but also it is very useful at university especially by students also students at teachers’ college ,this book comprises various issues and skills but through our to directs as on the  strengths and weakness , The following are the strengths of the book as follows;-
                      STRENGTHS OF THE BOOK
   It  shows the  importance of the empathy  in counseling process ;Here  the client  may not be willing and even if be willing may not be  able  to communicate  to thr counselor .The method by which this can be done is through empathy .Empathy is the a capacity  to feel into ( page 120).The above statement suggest that the empathy is  an inter- relationship between  two people  and this inter-relationship  borders on a sort of sacred  relationship 
     It shows the outcome goals  are the intended  results of the counseling process ;this refers to what the counselee desires to achieve  with the assistance of a counselor .Process goals are those events which the counselor helpful in bringing about outcome goals .For example in (page 110)  a counselor may say to  himself ,’’in order to help the counselee, I must understand the attitudes and the way he behaves towards other and circumstances which led to the present  situation and those which are reinforcing  the  counselee ‘s behavior ‘’
     It shows the roles of teacher  in education field ; especially for those involved in  the field of education (Teachers ,administrators  and parents) a counselor was one who provided the necessary assistance to  pupils .He helped resolved pupils ‘emotional  problems and identify the cause for underachievement  and failures because he strove to diagnose  specific learning and helped  provides remedies ( page 31).
It shows how counseling is a ‘  helping relationship  ; counseling is in its essence a’ helping relationship , all of us seek to satisfy our  personal needs ,more often than not ,in trying to gratify our needs and we find ourselves  in conflicting  situations  in  which our Interest clash with those  of others . But through education, we learn to moderate our desires such as that there Is no open clash  and through  socialization.
  It concerns with bringing about voluntary change in the client; the counselor provides facilities to help to achieve the desired change or make the suitable  choice .The client alone is responsible for choices he or she makes  through his or her counselor may assist in this process by his warmth and understand relationship 
     It shows the major objective  of all counseling; is to help individual to become self-dependent ,self directed and  to adjust themselves efficiency to the demands of a better  and meaningful life .individual are provided assistance to change their personal ,social ,emotional and intellectual development .
   Provides manner in which the situation is structured for the counselee  taking into account his expectations and goals ; as well as the counselor’s .The  has to persuade the client to discover for himself  what is personality is like in terms of his interest ,attitude and decide for himself how he can overcome obstacle and move forward  
     It shows the roles of counseling ; the basic role of counseling is self- actualization  in the client .The counselor cannot achieve self actualization in the counselee by a one side effort ,the counselee has to realize himself .The counselor help the counselee in this  process .The concept of this self actualization is verify new and unfamiliar  in the psychotherapeutic context( page 27).
     Apart from  strengths let see some of the weakness  of Rao’s book
               WEAKNESSES OF THE BOOK
Failed  to explain challenges and its solution on Guidance and Counseling; so the author  failed to show problems or difficulties that a counselor will encounter or face during counseling and guidance process ,means  that how he or she will overcome those challenges or problems .
Issues and element of biasness ; this is on reader’s biased content based on the fact that on materials were targeted  only to higher intellectual people and professionals .Forexample higher university  that is inconvenient for non professional persons like secondary schools students and the remaining part of the society will not understand complex  concepts ,example counseling as  hagiology and psychotherapy theory  ( page 31)
    Failed to explain challenges and its solutions on guidance and counseling ; here the author failed to show problems or difficulties that a counselor will encounter or face during counseling and  guidance  process .How he or she will overcome those challenges and problems.
    The author failed to show on how knowledge and skills of guidance and counseling will be used in our daily Life ;for solving challenges  and difficulties that were facing people from one situation to another  .
   The author used difficult  language ; the language used in  his book is very difficulty understood to all people’s  interest in guidance and counseling according to their competence in English language .For example the super ego is the moral governor of the individual ,the word super ego  ( page 70 ) also a word  psychotheurosis ( page <<73)
The  author based on how to solve problems in education field ; we can consider when bases on the solution to solve the problems  of poverty .Man i<s the ling  creature who find his or her own existence  a problem which supposes to solve and from which he or she cannot escape , so the problem may arise in the  developmental process of personality .
CONCLUSION                 
       Generally the book provides wide range of experiences and knowledge to leaner’s learning  course  of guidance  and counseling  by applying those process of guidance and counseling given in the book and also even other discipline   of our study so the knowledge of counseling as a great source of  development and avoiding bad decision of a certain individual about his or her problems  because as we know the guidance and counseling is a continuous process of life  and so on .



REFFERENCES
Rao, S.N ( 2008 ).Counseling and Guidance .Secondary edn.New York ;McGraw –Hill.
Mwenda ,N (2014  ).Edition and career Guidance  and counseling in introduction .Karljamer                                Print  Technology ;Dares salam.
Mutie E.K & Ndambuki  P,(2009 ), Guidance and Counseling for sch00ls  and                                                       college.Nairobi;Oxford University  Press,Eastern Africa.
Thangu ,  J et al(2010 )Mastering PTE Education. Nairobi; Oxford  University  Press..




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