Guidance

INTRODUCTION

Guidance refers as a process of bringing the student into contact with the world of reality in such a way that acquire life skills and techniques which allow themselves completely in the educational,  personally and social spheres and world of work in order to progress and survive effectively (Chireshe,  2006).

Guidance as process of helping an individual to gain self-understanding and self-direction to adjust maximally to the environment ( Biswalo,  1996).

Therefore, guidance is the systematic professional process of helping the individual through education and interpretative procedures to gain better understands his or her owner characteristics and potentials to relate him or herself.

Counseling is a professional relationship between a counselor and clients always in a private and confidential environment (Mwenda,  2014).

And Client centered method, under this method the client focuses on counseling process and takes an active role in the process. As client takes an active role he or she gain insight with the help of counsellor (Biswalo,  1996).

 This book of Educational and Career Guidance and  Counseling provides important principles of counseling which are helpful as highlighted according to,  (Mwenda,  2012),  Thus: Facitate activity; which means the counselor is there to provide conducive environment for the client to change,  ensure confidentially to the client,  Ensure easy relationship

Therefore, counseling is one to one relationship between counselors a client whereby the counselor attempts to help the specific individual make personally relevant decision that he or she can live with.

The following are strengths of the book of educational and career guidance and counselling.

            The book of Education and career Guidance and counseling gave a clear elaboration on how to deal with social problem for instance problem that come about in schools, personally as well as between friends. As students in schools meet with many social difficulties for instance it become complex to associate with others both at school and outside of school environment,  problems relating to peers most especially that of opposite sex,  problem of finding close friends and problem of cope up with being an orphanage after losing  parents or close relatives (Chireshu,  2006).

            Also the book provided the way on how psychological problem such as sadness, worthlessness, hopelessness, helplessness, shame and guilt can be solved. All of which lead to habitual sleeplessness,  physical fatigue after little effort, frequent complaints of aches and pains,  slowness in thinking withdraw tendencies and preoccupied with one self (Corey,  2006).

            Also the book showed a focus on explaining how to get to the bottom of education problem like poor performance,  time management lack of study skills,  trouble in choosing subjects and combination,  poor skills in taking note,  problem related to writing examinations,  poor problem in conducting group discussion as well as problem in formulating study group.

            Where gave much emphasizes that the students need to be guided and helped to develop proper studying habit, the students need to now their suitable time for studying, that means to know what will be a proper time for them concentrate on personal study during the day and during the night (Corey,2006)

            The book highlighted major adolescent's problems that requiring counseling services, where problem like anger, depression, suicide as well asexuality, where sexuality wrap sexual matters like emergency of sexual energies, growth of sexual impulses, and sexual through over opposite sex as well as sexual mistreatment, that are seen to be chorionic to ward the young and adults in two days society in Tanzania (Biswalo,1996).

            The book brought to us a good and useful ways on how could challenge concerns with HIV and AIDS be solved, through two major ways which are pre-test and post-test.in pre-test the counseling process includes evaluating the personal risk of HIV transmission and discuss on how to prevent infection also HIV counseling has it's objectives both prevention and care. Also shows the client to understand the bases of HIV/AIDS, to explore the potential support from friends and relatives and to advice on the safe see. While in post-test the counselor explain for the client to accept the reality that one is positive, is time to tell them not to spread or not to kill others like wife, husband,kids and other people (Mwenda, 2012)

            Under this book the three important methods and practice in the process of guidance and counseling has been brought up where such methods are said to be more essential in the whole process of guidance and counseling and such methods are counselor centered methods, client centered methods, Electric methods. Where by counselor centered methods is a method with which the counselor uses acquired professionally training and experience prescribe remedies for the Students problem. Where this method said to go through six stages which are analysis, synthesis, prognosis, counseling and lastly follow up(Moevt,2006).

            Electric method this method give the counselor flexibility to counsel effectively by choosing tenets of several methods available depending to the problem of hard. that to mean what essential view he or she could relies on referring to the kind of problem he or she intended to solve or to deal with.

            And Client centred method,  under this method the client focuses on counselling process and takes an active role in the process. As client takes an active role he or she gain insight with the help of counsellor (Biswalo, 1996).

            This book of Educational and Career Guidance and Counseling provides important principles of counseling which are helpful as highlighted according to,  (Mwenda,  2012),  Thus: Facitate activity; which means the counselor is there to provide conducive environment for the client to change,  ensure confidentially to the client,  Ensure easy relationship between client and the counselor,  The client must accept and own the problem,  The client must be full engaged in finding the solution of problem,  Counseling has to use counseling skills,  Client must be voluntary see the counselor,  There should not be any physical barrier between client and counselor but there should be psychological obstacles on the part of client.

            The book provide theories and practices concern with guidance and counselling which are psychoanalytic therapy and psychoanalysis theory which aimed to treat mental disorders by investigating conscious mental process and treating psychoneuroses(Corey,  2005). Therefore theories are used as a guide in elaborating the procedures in counseling and guidance.

The following are weakness of the book title educational and career guidance and counselling.

            The book included most of unrelated topics in counseling and guidance for instance the discussion on how to get a job, to write application letter for a job, how to write CV,  are things that are not a part of counselling and Guidance, that to mean the book went beyond over guidance and counseling line or limits as elaborated in page number 197_200.

            Theories discussed in book are few in the sense that,  are not enough to handle guidance and counseling issues,  where such theories have been clustered in psychoanalysis,  humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, systemic and postmodern theories, since the book have discussed two theories which are psychoanalytical and psychoanalysis.

            The book failed to show the reasons for guidance and counseling to most of thing where methods have been given but the reason has not been reviewed for instance guidance and counseling over the problem of opposite sex as this would make readers not understand why people should be counseled or guided. So the book should explain the reason for why we need counseling and guidance.

            The book explains many problems make a need of guidance and counseling among Tanzanians today, as mostly associated with the change of life style, variation in socioeconomic status, development of ICT in business,  land conflict,  dilemma in career and vocation choices, the presence of marital problems, presence of entrepreneurship dilemma and issue related to securing capital investment. But the book did not give proper solutions of dealing with those problems.

The book relied  much on HIV/AIDS as most and only diseases that people need to be guided and counseled, while there is other diseases that lead people into dilemma of knowing what to do and not to do, for instance people had a problem of cancer also are in need of guidance and counseling,

CONCLUSION

They shoed be guided and counseled in our society we live in such as educational issues, concerning with HIV/AIDS, issues of employment, educational issues, entrepreneur dilemma, career and land conflict. On that the book is very essential today's societies of Tanzania as there is a high need of people to understand the entre situations that do they face in their daily life since it will help to get to the bottom of their worries and dilemma, since everything towards those obstacles has been provided with methods to follow up in guidance and counseling as well as procedure which seems to be essential over the matter