Analysis the Play the “The burning of rags” according to six elements of ALISTOTLE.
The
word literature is from the Latin littera
means letters and referring to
an acquaintance with the written words
which had a specific culture ,sub
culture, religion, philosophy
,or the study of such written
work which may appear in poetry or in prose.
Literature in the west ,originated in the southern Mesopotamia
region of summer(c.3200) in the
city of uruk and flourished in Egypt , later on in Greece where the
written word having been imported there from the Phoenician and from there to Rome.
writing seems to have originated
independently in china from divination
practices and also independently
in Mesoamerica
The
first author in literature in the word
known by name the priestess of
ur, enheduanna (2285-2250 BCE) who
wrote hymns in
praise of Sumerian goddess inanna
much of the early . from Mesopotamia
concern the activities the of
gods but , in time human came to
be featured as the man characters in
such poem as Enmerkar and the lord of urutta and lugalbanda and mount hurrum (c.2600-2000BCE).
For the purpose s of studying literature
is divided in categories of
fiction and non –fiction to day but these are
often arbitrary. Eratur
When we seek for the origin of literature we must consider
three terms which are society, literature and language each ones e depends
others for instance we use language to
express the literary work so as to send a clear message within a particular
society also literature can not survive
without society .
Etymologically
, term literature derives from latin word literature or literature learning a writing grammar “
originally” writings formed with letters
from literal or literary in spite of this , the
term has also been applied to spoken or
sung test. The value
of judgment definition of literature
considers it cover exclusively
those writings that
passes high quality or
distinction ,forming part of
the so called belles
letter (fine writing)is that ;Encyclopedia Britannica
Eleven edition (1910-11) when it classified literature as the best
expression of the best thoughts
reduced to writing problematic
in view is that there is no objective
definition of constitutes literature
any thing can be literature, and anything which is universally regarded
as literature has the potential to be excluded, since value judgments change over time
2.
Terry Eagleton in his work Literary theory ;An introduction said that
literature is the imaginative work of art that employs
aesthetic language in
capturing human experiences in life
reflecting social realities
will be a land mark and elucidated here by, literature
is said to be imaginative work in its creation and interpretation in the sense
of fiction . literature is
divided in to two categories which are oral literature ; where its presented through orally and
written literature which is presented through
written form ; where it’s so
selective because it does not involves
all people in the society where only those who are educated again for while non educated not .
The
followings are importance of literature as shown bellows;
It
help in appreciation for other cultures and beliefs ( it
develop culture);reading various
literary work such as novels, short stories, poetry which give an abilities of understanding various culture of
different people also literature allows to express our own culture .for instance the novelist Chinua Achebe in his work
“Things Fall apart” shown how Nigerian
societies how they lived
culturally, socially where their believed
in their own gods “Agbala” before the
colonization; here the novelist brings for
us a message that society has its own
culture.
It addressing
humanity ; all literature whether
written or oral literature where it can
involves novels, short story, poems ,address human nature and condition
which affect all people these may
be the need of growth , doubts and
fears of
success and failure
the need of family and friends , goodness of the compassion and empathy , trust or realization of
imperfection .
It
help to increase critical thinking skills; literature increase critical thinking
to learn how critical thinking we can apply in our language development where
we read between the line so as to get the general meaning also we can find the
symbolism in literary work therefore we must give out the inner meaning of a particular
symbolisms so as to make connection. for instance in the poem of “Building the Nation” there is symbolism “PS” which means
exploitative leaders, corrupt leaders who exploit lower class people .there for literature is very important among
our societies .
Literature
develop language; any literary work must develop language because its
imaginative in its creation and in interpretation .for instance when literary devices are portrayed
in any literary work new vocabularies must exist in a particular language which
becomes used such as in the poem of ‘Ballad of the Land Lord” there is
existence of word like “gonna”, “wanna” which are American words which are used more by the youth .
Literature educate the society , various work of arts
such short story, novels poems even
oral literature categories such as myth,
riddles sayings , give lights to the
members of a particular society to know what is going on; to know good and
bad things, behavior of government
leaders , level of economic development , making judgement what do
and to encourage members
to participate in , various
activities such agriculture ,mining activities so as to overcome
poverty and to .
Literature entertain people by creating various literary
work such as songs’ poems which rise up
the feelings ,emotion of the audience ;
where they become flexible through music
, comedy , stories so literary
work becomes important for us.
Generally
, literary work is important for us because
provides the light on how
members of the society must live, avoiding conflict among them and to build
well organized societies , absence of classes a
community with common goals
(3)
Literature from a functional perspective
(functionalism theory) he said that it is imaginative work of arts which
give us R’S where it involves recreation, recognition, revelation, and
redaption. Boutton (1980)
Also
Terry Eagleton said that literature is
the imaginative work of arts which use or employs aesthetic language in capturing
human experiences in life
reflecting social realities .
literature is inferred as imaginative in its creation and interpretation in the sense of fiction
also he said that not every fictional work is literature exemplified
by super comic
and mills and boon novels . on
the other hand ,not every non
fictional work is excluded from literature, as some autobiography
such as autobiography of Malcom X
by himself (Malcom X).
The
following are the types of literature as follows;
Oral
literature ;is the type of
literature which is presented through
orally (mouth) it can be acted and performed where
its media is word , it use language
also its is through verbal expression. non literature is non-selective because
it involves both educated and non-educated its used
in whole community ;Example of
oral literature are proverbs which
means short well-known
pithy sayings starting
a general truth or piece of advice .riddles , myth,
idioms, legend ,
Written
literature; is the type of literature which is given out through written form. Where its median is
language. It is selective because does not involves all members of the society
only those who can read lare those benefit this kind. written literature
existed soon after the innovation of writings
.Examples of written literature are
plays such as “An enemy of the people”, “The lion and the Jewel”, novels includes “A man
of people”, poem like “Development”,
“Ballad of the Land Lord”. Written
literature involves novella, biography, and autobiography. Akivag Adaga (1982).
(4)
Oral literature ; refers to the type
of literature which is given out
though orally (mouth) .where the media of information is language where provided through spoken words .written literature existed after man started to use language and conduct
various economic activities ;also the
interaction of people in various societies .oral literature is non-selective
because all members in a society has equal
chance to use a specific language . Examples of oral
literature are myth, riddles, proverbs, idioms, sayings, legend.
The
followings are forms of oral literature;
Oral
narrative form ; refers to the form of
oral literature which accept for people event and place
that may be fucturedor fiction
each society tell stories
which are differently and they
have different social cultural importance
.Examples of narrative form of oral literature are trek stars,ogre, myth, dilemmastories
explanatory stories , legend story such
as “Rwanda magele” story .
Oral
poetry ; this is among of the form of
literature which involves expressing or
expression of powerful human
feelings , emotion, thoughts and
ideas by using word and sounds which are arranged in possible order which is called “verse”
Short
form ; refers to the short saying which give out
wisdom in general usage where it involves proverbs
; means short well known
story or pithy saying starting a general truth or piece of. Advice others are riddles,
tongue twisters.
Songs
and dances; refers to the forms of oral literature which given out through
songs and dances . in order to bring message in specific
community where it increase morality of
making or conducting economic activities
.for instance sukuma use song when their conducting cultivation
which help then to archives their goals . Examples of songs are war
songs, songs of birth, work songs, lovesongs, funnel songs.
There
for oral literature is very important in our societies or community because
plays a key role in our daily life where by
remains as unifying factor in our
daily communication.
REFERENCES
Ruth. F.,(2012).Oral literature
In Africa, Cambridge; open book publishers.
Crystals,(1995).the Cambridge encyclopedia
of English language.
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