Industrial policy
Industrial
policy is “any type of selective intervention or government policy that
attempts
to alter the structure of production toward sectors
that are expected to offer better prospects for economic growth than would
occur in the absence of such intervention.” according to Pack and Saggi ).
Tanzania will need to transform its economy with aim
of increase value addition in its export basket tap into grobal value and
provide citizen better life.
The
following are some objectives industrial policy in Tanzania
1.To promote
international trade competition
environment through improvement of industrial infrastructure supported by
efficient physical facilities and institutional back up ,and to promote
internationally competitive industries and enterprises to make up the
industrial sector the real engine of economic growth.
2. To transform Tanzania into the middle income
through expansion and extension of existing development corridors and the
creation of an export-import platform.
3. To provide
growth opportunities for all growth-oriented Micro, Small and Medium scale
enterprises and entrepreneurs through provision of
attentive supporting measures responding to all development stages so as to
up-grade
4. To promote rural industrialization through an
agriculture-development led industrialization strategy, support for successful
implementation of Kilimo Kwanza and focus on equitable regional growth.
Sustainable development is the
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The following are
some of sustainable goals made in 2010-2030
Ensure healthy lives and wellbeing
to all ages: Poor health’s services was main global challenge which face human
being and affect direct the development because development depended on the
physical fitness of a person. Health coverage remains a major global challenge.
They need to ensure better improvement health services developing countries,
where HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and many other diseases, still continue
to kill millions of people each year.
Ensure inclusive and equitable
quality of education: Industrial bases on the aspect of education on ensuring
all girls and boys complete free and equitable quality of primary and secondary
education, Women and men get technical, vocational and tertiary education, to
eliminate gender equality
Build infrastructure and promote
sustainable industrialization and innovation: Industrial sector make a target
on development of infrastructure like roads ,increase resource use efficiently,
enhance scientific research, promote industrial development so as to increase
employment opportunity and gross domestic product (GDP)
To discourage inequality within and
outside the country through: Empower and promote social, economic and political
inclusion to all member of the society, control fiscal, wage and social
protection policies .
To end poverty in all its forms everywhere:
To ensure effective utilization of resources, to ensure environmental
conservation in order to overcome from the effect of climatic change.
Relevance
of industrial policy to sustainable development in Tanzania
1. Improvement of infrastructure like roads, try
over in Dar es salaam, construction of bridges, ports and airport in areas like
Mtwara, Tabora, Njombe the program of improving infrastructure were in progress
2. Provision of free education to boys and girls
from standard One to seven during 2005 to 2015 during Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete and
free education from primary to secondary schools in the 2015 towards 2025 under
president John Pombe Magufuli.
3. Establishment of health services and provision of
medicine in government hospital this tend to improve safe environment because
people are assure for the treatment. For example there are some health center
established for example Ihongole hospital in Mufindi district in Iringa.
4. Establishment of strategies so as to control
poverty for example provision of loans to different groups in the society for
the aim to assist the society to get income for running different economic
activities like agriculture and trade in Tanzania in both rural and urban areas
Developed Countries are the
countries which are developed in terms of economy and industrialization. Also
known as Advanced countries or the first world countries, as they are
self-wsufficient nations.it is characterised by
high standard of living, high gross domestic product (GDP), high child
welfare, health services, good infrastructure, communication and educational
facilities, better housing and living conditions, industrial, infrastructural
and technological advancement, higher per capita income, increase in life
expectancy. These countries generate more revenue from the industrial sector as
compared to service sector as they are having a post-industrial sector:
Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland,
United States. (Zakina J 2014)
Developing countries are those
countries which undergo low levels of
development along with low per capita income. Also called third world
countries, lower developed countries.
Developing Countries mainly depend
on loans and grants from Developed Countries, to support them in establishing
industries across the country. It is characterised by poor healthy and safe
environment to live, low Gross Domestic Product, high illiteracy rate, poor
educational, transportation, communication and medical facilities,
unsustainable government debt, unequal distribution of income, high death rate
and birth rate, malnutrition both to mother and infant which case high infant
mortality rate, poor living conditions, high level of unemployment and poverty.
Example of developing countries are Kenya, Tanzania, Colombia, India, Turkey.
The
following are the major differences between developed countries and developing
countries
Developed Countries have good
infrastructure and a better environment in terms of health and safety which
facilitate effective transpot which lead to development of trade, industies and
agriculture, while in developing countries there are inadequate infrastructure
which less qualified hence discourage production activities.
The countries which are independent
and prosperous are known as Developed Countries. The countries which are facing
the beginning of industrialization are called Developing Countries.
Developed Countries have a high per
capita income and GDP due to fact the government having a wide range for
collection of revenue from various sector like agriculture, industry and
transportation while Developing Countries is low due to low level revenue
collection.
In Developed Countries the literacy
rate is high: Due to fact that there is advanced schools, colleges and Universities
for effective provision of education to all people in their countrie but in
Developing Countries illiteracy rate is high due to serious shortage of schools
in mostly in rural areas
Developed Countries generate
revenue high income because national income depend from industrial sector like
iron and coal industry in German While Developing Countries generate low
revenue because depend from service sector like tax from employees like doctor,
teachers and from transportation which contribute a small income
In developed countries, there is
high standard of living of people, due availability of high per capita income
individual level while developing countries the living standard of people is
low due to availability of low per capita income
Resources are effectively and
efficiently utilized in developed countries due to availability of advanced
technology and capital which assist them to utilize well resources available
While in developing countries there is an improper utilization of resources
because of poor technology and shortage of capital.
In developed countries, the birth
rate and death rate are low due to availability of good social services like
hospitals, water services and basic needs while developing countries birth rate
and death rates are high due poor provision of social services like hospital,
water services and poor family planning.
In conclusion developing countries
its development mainly depend from developed countries through provision of
grants and loans with hard condition like allow privatization and free which
make a way for neo colonization this make developing countries to be dependent
totally.
REFERENCE
A b c
"Composition of macro geographical (continental) region"(2010) United
Nation s
Korotayev A, Zinkina J (2014). "On the structure of the present-day
convergence". Campus-Wide Information Systems.
O'Sullivan A, Sheffrin SM (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper
Saddle River.
Pack, Howard,
and Kamal Saggi (2007). “The Case for
Industrial Policy: A Critical Survey.”World Bank Research Observer,
Comments
Post a Comment