Illustrate the Portuguese participation in slave trade in Tanzania

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STELLAMARISMTWARAUNIVERSITYCOLLEGE

(STEMMUCO)

(A Constitute College of Saint Augustine University of Tanzania)

 

 
 
STELLAMARISMTWARAUNIVERSITYCOLLEGE

(STEMConstituteCollegeofSaint

 

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

UNIT:                                                              HISTORY

COURSE TITLE:                                         ECONOMIC HISTORY OF TANZANIA

COURSE CODE:                                           HI 360

INSTRUCTOR. :                                           MWALIMU. VICTOR

ASSIGMENT:                                               GROUP 06

SUBMISSION DATE                                      FEBR,2021

S/N

      NAMES

REG:  NO

SIGNATURE

1.       

DIANADEOGRASSAID

STE/BAED/165185

 

2.       

EUNICE NSONGOMACHARLES

STE/BAED/164312

 

3.       

GEORGE  W NGOMA

STE/BAED/164163

 

4.       

 ISACK    A DANIEL

STE/BAED/165196

 

5.       

KRISTOMS  K MATEMBO

STE/BAED/164291

 

6.       

MARTINMBUNGU

STE/BAED/164220

 

7.       

ONESMOYUSTINMALANDO

STE/BAED/164236

 

8.       

REBECAP.PANKALAS

STE/BAED/165195

 

9.       

SAID    RAMADHAN NGELANGELA

STE/BAED/164854

 

 

TASK:

 Illustrate the Portuguese participation in slave trade in Tanzania.

 

introduction

   Oral information is the verbal message which are reported from the past beyond the present generation Vansina, J(1985), . The message must be oral statement spoken, sung  or called out on musical instruments. Evaluation is the process which aim at judging the value nature or characteristics of quality of something or some one . In the arena of oral information evaluation means to alter information from the past to give it new meaning or to pass value judgment to oral accounts collected. in evaluating oral hi Historian uses various rules evaluating oral information

 

The social and political context of the oral testimonies has to be known, in evaluating oral information an historian mist be aware with social status of the informant that Will help him to determine his or her perspective toward the event(Vansina, J1985). Example if the oral information is about certain riot which participated by low class social group independent interviewee is from upper social context he will explain it in negative way. Political context will be affect the oral information the same way as social.

cross-checkoral information with other sources, This process at determining the accuracy of (something) by checking it with various sources. Oral information should be  ross-checked with other traditions, . It is not an easy job (using oral traditions as a historical source but with patience and care and the ability to transcend his own cultural and educational biases, the historian in Africa can make good use of oral traditions a comparison of oral and other information from other source .Mercier,L(1992) says to cross-check the source with other sources and may be done on the corresponding subject and/or a similar period. Especially in cross-checking the researcher should be aware of any bias that may be present in the sources. If documented and oral evidence contradict each other, the researcher should dig even deeper to determine their accuracy. If the pattern of evidence is consistent and drawn from more than one viewpoint, the historical account or interpretation becomes credible

If contradiction between two sets of information take one of them based on your own reasoning,The oral information is the product of human memory.Mercier,L(1992) says the suman memory differ which cause people to view the Same event in different way. In oral information there is a capability of having different information . Information may come from people who come from. Different social class and political contest. When  such situation occurred researcher is free to choose any  taking into consideration the information which appear immediately in the written source

Use information which coming from focus group,it involves gathering people from similar backgrounds or experiences together to discuss a specific topic of interest, beliefs. In focus group discussion participants are free to talk with other group members; It generally involves group interviewing in which a small group of usually 8 to 12 people(Thompson, P. 1988). However to use focus group discussion require researcher to have different skills such as: to be flexible and free of biasness and prejudices. A good understanding of the subject, problem, or topic to be investigated. This includes both theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Proficiency in the language in which discussions will be conducted. Focus group discussion cannot be conducted through an interpreter or by third person, no matter what types of skills he/she has.

Avoid generalization.is defined as a broad statement or an idea that is applied to a group of people or things. Often, generalizations are not entirely true, because there are usually examples of individuals or situations wherein the generalization does not apply. In this respect, generalizations can be similar to stereotypes in that they are sometimes wrong. It is important to consider views and contribution of every individual. Generalization become problem if a person come from same group but with different opinion

To Compare different oral account to look for agreement and disagreement,To examine how expressions of agreement and disagreement during evaluation deliberation affect participants' evaluations of their experience. This agreement and disagreement are help researcher Hence the agreement between the sources can only be due to the fact that such events really took place or such situations existed(Vansina, J1985).. Agreement and disagreement may be in term of chronological order of the work and places also validity of information. Ta handle this matter is become simple when the researcher had already conducted  focus group discussion

 

 

 

Conclusion

Oral information is the information  which handed down by word of mouth through narration. Always narrate is the experienced person like areas which experienced certain historical events like flood, hunger, war or political event.  According to Yow, R(1994)other people who trusted when providing oral information are elders who believed to witness the remote events. Oral information is given down through narration, songs, poems, formulae, epic poem and interview. Oral information provided by person who affected by culture, environment, political ideology, religion believes and so on which forced historian to use various roles to evaluate findings

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                  References

Mercier,L(1992).. Using Oral History in Community History Projects. Los Angeles: Oral History Association, Pamphlet No. 4,

Thompson, P. (1988) Oral History: The Voice of the Past. Revised edition. New York: Oxford University Press,.

Vansina, J(1985), Oral Tradition as History. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press,.

Yow, R(1994). Recording Oral History: A Practical Guide for Social Scientists. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.,

 

 

 

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