With relevant authority and illustration examine the extremely of violation of human right in Tanzania.

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Human right describes equal right and freedom for anyone regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion or political affiliation. A started by the U.N declaration of human right in 1948 all human being are born free and equal in dignity and right. They are endowed with reason and consciences and should act towards one another in a spirit of brother hood. This statement defines that each and every human is entitled to all right. Human right is fundamental to human existence. The declaration of human right of 1948 provides 30 articles which elaborate different human right[1]. For example
  Articles 1
All human being are born free and equal in dignity. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should not act toward one another in a spirit of brother hood.
   Article 2
Everyone entitled to all the rights and freedom set forth in this declaration without destination of any kind, such race, color, sex, language, religion, political or the other opinion, national or social origin, property or other status.
Article 3
Every has this right to life liberate and security of person. Tanzania human rights are provided under article 12 up to 24 for example.[2]
Article 14 
Every person has the right to live and to the protection of life the society in accordance with the law.
Article 15
Every person has the right to freedom and lo lives as a free person.
Although human right declaration is university declaration still are violated, the violation of human right can mean the following first the lack of observers of human right or duties of human right and second mean this failure to do what is required by the law or mis respectful at which contriving human right or duties. The state have the duties to protect human  right, to respect and to fulfill human right to the citizen, but mostly of some cases the state violate human right. Especial in Tanzania, the state violate human right in the following ways;
Freedom of expressive; authorities arbitrarily arrested or other uses threatened and harassed right activities and numerous prominent members of opposition parties who were critical of the government or the president. On December 13, 2016, police arrested Maxence Melo prominent human rights defender and the owner of Jamii forums, an independent whistleblower and reporting website and mike William, a shareholder of Jamii media, which hosts the site. The site hosted articles and debates exposing public sector corruption and criticizing government actions.
Police searched the offices jamii forums and melos home without warrants. They reportedly made copies of several documents. On December 16, 2016, the resident magistrate court of Dar Es salaam brought charges against Melo, under Tanzania’s controversial cyber crime law, including obstruction of investigation for refusing to reveal the names of anonymous contributors to Jamii forums; and
“Managing a domain not registered in Tanzania. Their trial began in august 2017 and continued at time of writing.
In march,  police in Morogoro  about 200 kilometers west of dare s salaam, arrested Emmanuel Elibariki, a popular Tanzanian rapper known as Ney wa Mitego, following the release of his song that allegedly insulted the president. He was released without charges.[3]
 In jully, dare s salaam district commissioner ordered the arrest of Halima Mdee, a Member of Parliament and head of Bawacha The women wing of the opposition political party Chadema. Mdee had been critical of the president’s decision to ban pregnant girls from public school. Police charge her with insulting the president.
In august, police arrested Ester Bulaya a member parliament for Bunda, for conducting political activities outside her constituency. In separates events, police also arrested goggles Lema Member of Parliament Arusha urban and Salumu Mwalimuthe party’s deputy secretary general in Zanzibar accusing both politicians of sedition.
 Disappearance of journalist and attacks of politicians, there wee allegation police tailed to file required arrest report for detained persons, resulting in hundreds of unresolved disappearance. Police and government official denied these claim. The central government reported that state government screening committees informed families about the state of detainees. These were report, however, that person guards sometimes required bribes from families to confirm the detention of their relatives. Forexample. AZORY GWANDA a journalist with Mwananchi communication ltd was recently. Kidnapped and is said to have killed till today for reporting accidents of killing at kibiri in Pwani. Also member of Chadema by the names of Sanane has never been seen for ever for allegedly indulging in apposition polices.
Also in September, unidentified attackers shot and wounded Tundu lissu, an outspoken member of parliament in Dodoma but until today no one is arrested or reported for this action and the government end up with saying those attackers were unknown people without doing any effort to find them.[4]
Political Prisoners and detainees.  Several opposition politicians and individuals critical of the government were arrested or detained during the year. Such individuals were usually charged with sedition, incitement or unlawful assembly. For example  Tundu Lissu, a member of parliament , the opposition chief whip, and the president of the Tanganyika law society, was arrested at six times during the year, and variously charged with incitement , insulting the president and violating the terms of his bail. In each incident he was released on bail.
Fore example  mate’s look the violation of right to boil on the case of DPP v  David Pete 1993 TLR 28[5]  in this case the respondent was charged with robbey with violation before Musoma court district the offences was unbailable under 5 148 (3) (e) of civil procedure cap 20 . Respondents appealed to the high court were high court held that s 148 (3) (e) was a constitutional as it bail. Then the DPP was argued the decision of the court of appeal that s 148 (5) (e) was a constitution al and Daudi Pete continues to enjoy the right to bail.
Denial of fair trial The constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but many components of the judiciary remained under funded, corrupt, and inefficient (especially in the lower court) and subject to executive influence. Judges and senior court officers are all political logistical and financial constraints that limit access to justice for person in nearly areas. These were fewer than two judges per millions persons. Court clerks reportedly continued to take bribes to open cases or hide or misdirect the files of those accused of crimes. Magistrates of lower courts occasionally bribes to determine the out come of cases.
Arbitrary arrest or detention, the constitution prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention although regional and district commissioners have discretionary authority to order some one detained for up to 48 hours without charges. This authority was used frequently to detain opposition member or person expressing criticism of the government. the law allows person arrested or detained, regardless of whether on criminal or other grounds, the right to challenge in court the legal basis or arbitrary nature of their detention and obtain prompt release and compensation if found to have been unlawfully detained. The law requires that a civil case must be brought in order to make such a challenge; in practice this was rarely done.
Freedom of peaceful assembly and association, the constitution provided for freedom of assembly, but the government did not always respect this right. The government requird organizers of rallies to obtain police permission, police may deny permission on public safety or security or of the permit seeker. The constitution of united republic of Tanzania under art 20(I) Provides the right of freedom of peaceful assembly and association. So support this late look the case of Baraza la Wanawake Tanzania (BAWATA) and 5 other v register of societies and other. Misc. civil case no 27 of 1997[6]. Bawata was formed in 1994 to unite women of all economic, social and political back ground to ensure gender equality in a multiparty, democracy state. The government deregistered it without affording a chance to be heard. When the issue was raised the government reversed itself and demanded that BAWATA amend its constitution and become a research institution. It’s action was argued in the high court of Tanzania that this government action of deregistering BAWATA is unconstitutional by violating  articles 13 (6) (a), 18 and 20 of the constitution of Tanzania.[7]
Generally, the government or state has a defines to respect human right, to protect and to fulfill human right, when we say duty to respect human right means the state should make sure that every individual in the state enjoy human right as stimulated under domestic law and international instrument of human right like freedom of express, and second duty to protect this duties required the state to make law which prohibited violation of human right and this lastly state is required to provide conducive environment and to take reasonable members, for citizen  to enjoy or fulfill human right.











REFERENCES
Constitution
The Constitution of The United Republic of Tanzania 1977
Case Laws     
DPP v Daudi Pere 1991 TLR 28
Baraza la wanawake Tanzania (BAWATA) and 5 others vs registar of societies and othermsc. Civil case no 27 of 1997
Online Materials
https; // w.w.w . hrw. Org/world-report 2018 country – chapter/ Tanzania & Zanzibar
Country reports on human right practices for 2017 and 2018








[1] https; // w.w.w . hrw. Org/world-report 2018 country – chapter/ Tanzania & zanzibar

[2] The Constitution of The United Republic of Tanzania 1977

[3] https; // w.w.w . hrw. Org/world-report 2018 country – chapter/ Tanzania & zanzibar

[4] https; // w.w.w . hrw. Org/world-report 2018 country – chapter/ Tanzania & zanzibar    
[5] DPP VS Daudi Pere 1991 TLR 28

[6] Baraza la wanawake Tanzania (BAWATA) and 5 others vs registar of societies and othermsc. Civil case no 27 of 1997

[7] Country reports on human right practices for 2017 and 2018


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