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INTRODUCTION Independence of judiciary is the principle that the judiciary should be politically insulated from the legislative and the executive power. That is court should not be subject to improper influence from the other branches of government or from private or partisan interests. The concept of the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government, Independence of judiciary is based on the principle of the separation of power this does not mean that the judiciary has to be free from legislature and executive only but also from any political matter, this one of the fundamental constitutional principle in Tanzania. The Independence of judiciary   is said to be based on the principle of separation of power this shown under Article 107B [1] which state that "in exercising the proper of dispensing Justice all courts shall have freedom and shall be required only to observe the provisions of the constitutional and those of the law. The judiciary is one ...

Dhana ya kategoria ya kileksika; imejadiliwa kwa namna tofauti tofauti:-   Khamisi na Kiongo (2002); wamegawa kategoria katika mitazamo miwili ambayo ni:-   mtazamo wanamapokeo na wanausasa, ambapo wanamapokeo walitumia dhana ya kategoria ya kileksika kumaanisha sifa bainifu ya vitu na wanausasa wanaona kategoria kuwa ni zile aina za maneno kama vile nomino, kivumishi, vielezi, viunganishi, vihusishi na vitenzi.    Massamba (2009), anatoa maana ya kategoria ya kilekisika kwa kusema kuwa ni jumla ya maumbo, faridi au vipashio vingine ambavyo huchangia sifa fulani au ambavyo viko katika kiwango kimoja. Maana hii ni ya jumla kwani imeeleza dhana ya kategoria ya kileksika kwa ujumla bila kujikita katika kategoria za miundo ambayo ndiyo sintaksia.   Kategoria za kileksika katka lugha ya kiswahili zipo kategoria nane za kileksika ambazo ni nomino, vitenzi, viwakilishi, vielezi, viunganishi, vivumishi, vihusishi na vihisishi.   Kwamjibu wa Massamba, Kiho...

       INTRODUCTION SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES England faced increasing pressure to p to produce more manufactured goods due to 18 century population explosion where by England's population nearly over the course of the country. And the industry most important in the rise of England as an industrial nation was cotton textile. Who other industry can be said to have advanced so far so quickly although the (putting out system). Cottage industry was lords well developed across the continent. It was full developed in England a merchant would delivered raw cotton at a house hold the cotton would be cleaned and spinned into yern or thread after apriod of time. The merchant would return pick up the yern and drop off more raw cotton the merchant would them take the spen to another house hold where it was woken into cloth the system worked fairly well except under the growing pressure of demand the putting out system could no longer keep up. Therefore the following are the im...

             Literature,   is the work of art that use language to compose a message to the society. Is written   material such as poetry, novels, essays work of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest  https://www.dictionary.com Children literature,  is defined as material written and produced for the information or entertainment  of children  and young  adults .it included  all non-fiction ,literary and  artistic genres and physical  formats. In the early days of library of congress, children books arrived in an unsystematic fashion  https://www.loc.gov . According to Wikipedia the free encyclopedia  children literature  as anything that  children read or more specifically  define as fiction , nonfiction, poetry ,drama tha...

Patriarchy is a social system in which the role of male as the primary authority is central. It refers to a system where men have authority over women, children and property. As an institution of male rule and privilege, patriarchy is dependent on female subordination. In most of patriarchal societies men are given priority in many spheres like in cultural aspects, religion, political issues, economic access and the like. For instance in culture men are given special point of appreciation hence women have to respect them regardless their age. In some communities women are even not considered in property inheritance as well as forced to be married with ones who are not their choice.           Mariama Ba’s So Long a Letter Published in 1980, recounts the stories of two women and their husbands, lifelong friends living in Senegal during the post-colonial period of national reformulation. The novella is written in the form of a lengthy epistl...

Language change as Historical Linguistics phenomenon refers to variation over time in a language's phonetic, morphological, semantic and syntactic, features. It is the phenomenon by which permanent alterations are made in the features and affects all areas of language use over time. One of the best and successful investigations in linguistics is on the issue of language and understanding that it as a dynamic (not static) phenomenon since it passes through changes. All natural languages with native speakers tend to change over and such changes are neither the results of neither moral corruption nor intellectual deterioration of the communities except dead ones like Latin, Sanskrit and Attic Greek. The change in language is due to a number of reasons as follows; Geographical division of the speakers plays a great role for language change. As the groups of speakers who had once spoken the same natural language spread out, they tend to lose communication with each other especially ...

Second-language learning, is the process by which people gain or acquire knowledge of another language by study, experience, or being taught while he or she has first language. Second-language learning is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. The field of second-language learning is a sub discipline of applied linguistics (Crystal, 1997). According to (Krashen, 1987).   The Second-language learning is the product of formal instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge 'about' the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules. Most people, at one time or another, have experienced learning a language through formal instruction. It may have been a compulsory subject a school, a local language class to prepare you for going abroad. the following are the effects of formal instruction on the root of second language leaning: An intervening variable learner’s motivation, in formal instruction second language lear...