challenges attributed to the application of structuralism theory in literacy criticism

INTRODUCTION
Structuralism, can be defined as an approach that came up to improve the weakness of Traditional Grammar . Structuralism is derived from the word structure. It started in USA and Europe in 20th Century. The most proponent of structuralism is Ferdinand de Saussure (the father of modern Linguistics). Structuralists can be grouped into two groups namely European and American Structuralist.
De Saussure introduced structuralism in linguistics marking a revolutionary break in the study of language which had till then been historical and philosophical. Ferdinand de Saussure argued that every language has structure. Among a number of important statements and fundamental distinctions  Saussure made are  The distinction between Langue  parole, the distinction between Synchronic study and  diachronic study, the distinction between syntagmatic and  Paradigmatic relationship, the distinction between Signifier and signified.
The following are the challenges attributed to the application of structuralism theory in literacy criticism
Traditional grammar was inadequate and full of shortcomings, this is the challenge that attributed to the application of structuralism theory. And this because traditional grammar paved the way for so many models of modern grammar. And it was mainly based on Indo-European classical languages like Latin, Sanskrit, and Greek. But traditional grammar provided  a poor model for the grammars of languages that differ from them hence attributed the application of structuralism in literacy criticism.
Traditional grammar does not adequately distinguish between all the linguistic level,  this also, is the challenge that attributed to the application of structuralism theory in literacy criticism.And this because traditional grammar failed to distinguist the levels of linguistics such as phonetics, morphology, syntax and semantic.Due to that situation attributed the use of structuralism theory in literacy criticism.
Traditional grammar generalized that a noun is the name of a person, place or thing, this is another challenge that attributed to the application of structuralism theory. And this because traditional grammar generalized that noun is only a name of a person and yet could not include (blue) and (red) in the list of nouns though they are the names of colors. Due to such situation traditional grammar failed to maintain its assumption and attributed to the application of structuralism theory.
Traditional grammar gave priority to the written form of language and ignored the priority of spoken-form, this is another challenge that attributed to the application of structuralism theory in literacy criticism. And this because traditional grammar did not even cover the whole range of written form thus restricted to specific kinds of writing form such as the formal styles. Due to that challenge attributed the application of structuralism.
Traditional grammar used meaning as the primary tool of linguistic analysis, also this is another challenge that attributed the application of structuralism. And this because total meaning of a language cannot be analyzed in the present stage of our knowledge. Meaning is a complex entity for the understanding of which a formal description of a language should form the base. Thus, traditional grammar failed to indicate clearly which meaning is going to treat such as total meaning, social meaning Linguistic meaning, lexical meaning Structural meaning, notional, referential or contextual meaning. Therefore such challenge attributed the application of structuralism theory in literacy criticism.
Traditional grammar is normative and prescriptive rather than explicit and descriptive, This also become a challenge in traditional grammar which attributed the application of structuralism theory in literacy criticism. And this because the rules are illogical, also it is inconsistent and inadequate as a description of actual language in use. It neglects not only the contemporary uses but also the functional and social varieties of language. Its approach is diachronic (historical) rather than synchronic (contemporary).For example, Do not end a sentence with preposition.
Generally the application of structuralism theory in literacy criticism attributed by the challenges of the traditional grammar.And this because there are many weakness of traditional grammar that challenged the model as traditional grammar failed to solve the problem of ambiguity but structuralism used to disambiguate.Also, prescriptive rules in traditional grammar focused on the negative and on how to correct wrong sentences rather than on how to form correct one.