Human rights

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Human rights are right inherent to all human being regardless of race ,sex, nationality ,ethnicity, language ,religion or any other status, human rights include the right to life and liberty , freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression,  the right to work and education and many more. Human rights protection is the action by which different states and non-government organization form a basis of public policy word wide to defend human rights. Human rights protection can be explained in various levels ,international level ,national level, regional level and domestic level. By starting with the international level of  human rights are protected in different ways such as;
               Set of high commission for human rights, the office of the UN high commissioner for human right has led responsibility in the UN system for the promotion and protection of human rights . The office supports the human rights components of people keeping mission in several countries and has many country and regional offices.
              Human rights council, the human right council established in 2006 replaced the 60-years old UN commission on human right as the key independent UN intergovernmental body responsible for human rights.
               Human right treaty bodies, the human right treaty bodies are committees of independence expert that monitor implementation of the core international human right treaties.
              Special procedure, the special procedures of human rights council are prominent independent experts working on the voluntary basis who examine monitor public report and advise on human rights from a thematic or country specific perspective.
            The UN development group human rights, mainstreaming, mechanism (UNDG-HRM) advances human right mainstreaming effort with the UN development system
          Special adviser on the prevention of genocide and the responsibility to protect. This acts as a  catalyst to raise awareness of the causes and dynamics of genocide to alert  relevant actors where there is not genocide and to advocate and mobilize for appropriate action the special adviser on the responsibility to protect leads the conceptual political institutional and operation development of the responsibility to protect.
          UN have also legal instruments which help to protect human right,the international bill of right like the universal declaration of human rights(1948)was the first legal document protecting universal human right together with international covenant on civil and political right and democracy in which different states are emphasized to maintain democratic principle in their country .
         When the united nation UN was established in 1945 it is charter contained the first explicit recognition in international  law that an individual was entitled to fundamental right and freedoms. Article 56 provide that all members pledge themselves to take joint several action in cooperation with the organization for the achievement of the purposes so forth in article 55.Article 13(1)is promote human right , Article 62(2)(3) provides for functional power to respect of human right .
             National level human right are protected through democratic principle, Different countries maintain human right by applying democratic principle like freedom of press free and fair election, separation of state organs, accountability and rule of law for example , Tanzania is the one of the country which is under democratic government therefore both mentioned above are maintained in which people are able to participate in election and other issues in a state.
        Constitution , the constitution also play a great role in the protecting and maintaining human rights in many countries of the word because within the constitution there are special parties which recognize human right for example the constitution of united republic of Tanzania recognize human right in CHAPTER SIX THE  COMMISION FOR HUMAN RIGHT AND GOOD GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC LEADER ETHICS (SECRETARIAT)
        Trust commission , when there is a misunderstanding in the country especially on political  and religion matters, so as to reach resolution and maintain human rights commission can be set for example in Tanzania we have  Walioba commission which engaged to finding opinion of the  people concerning constitution
         Regional level human rights are protected through security force, in regional level different force is established like police station which ensures that all people and their properties are peace. Regional, district and magistrate court are responsible protection of human right since it involve in solving different conflict among the people and providing punishment for those who fail to maintain human rights.
        Domestic level, human rights can be protected through embrace the duty of protecting human right. All citizens in their villages and street should be responsible to protect human rights among themselves and to report those who are against with the human rights. Learning about human rights, every citizen in country should be able to learn about human rights so as to know how human rights are protected and the advantage of protecting human right.
          In short there are different ways which can be used to protect human rights apart from what we mentioned above but something to note the effort should be increased by united nations and other nations to protect human rights because there are observation of different violation of human right in the different parties of the world for example Cong DRC,Suddan ,Saud Arabia ,Burundi and Siria.













               REFERENCES
Casses  A , (1990) Human Right in a changing world.Philadelphra:Temple university press
Hayner  p,B,(1994).Fifteen truth commission comparative study, Human Rights quarterly 16
           (4)604.
 Human Right today: A United Nation priority the united nation(2000)            
Walter B.F,(2002). The successful settlement of civil war Princeton, MI:Princeton university
           press .
           
               


  

      

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