Monitor performance.
Monitor
performance. Allocate work between managers and
employees. While Frederick Taylor's theory makes for more efficient workers, it
is not without flaws. Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory, also
called the classical management theory, emphasizes efficiency, much like Max
Weber'.
Frederick
Taylor was an inventor, an engineer, and the father of
scientific management theory. You will learn about Frederick Taylor, scientific
management, and its effects on industrial management in this lesson.
Frederick
Taylor and Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow
Taylor (1856-1915) was an American inventor and engineer that applied his
engineering and scientific knowledge to management and developed a theory
called scientific management theory. His two most important books on his theory
are Shop Management (1903) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).
Frederick Taylor's
scientific management theory can be seen in nearly all modern manufacturing
firms and many other types of businesses. His imprint can be found in
production planning, production control, process design, quality control, cost
accounting, and even ergonomics. If you understand the principles of scientific
management, you will be able to understand how manufacturers produce their
goods and manage their employees. You will also understand the importance of
quantitative analysis, or the analysis of data and numbers to improve
production effectiveness and efficiency.
Principles
of Scientific Management Theory
In broad terms, scientific
management theory is the application of industrial engineering principles to
create a system where waste is avoided, the process and method of production is
improved, and goods are fairly distributed. These improvements serve the
interests of employers, employees, and society in general. Taylor's theory can
be broken down into four general principles for management:
1. Actively gathering, analyzing, and
converting information to laws, rules, or even mathematical formulas for
completing tasks.
2. Utilizing a scientific approach in the
selection and training of workers.
3. Bringing together the science and the
worker so that the workers apply the scientifically developed techniques for
the task.
4. Applying the work equally between
workers and managers where management applies scientific techniques to planning
and the workers perform the tasks pursuant to the plans.
Frederick Taylor
approached the study of management quantitatively through the collection and
analysis of data. For example, he and his followers performed motion studies to
improve efficiency. He analyzed the motions required to complete a task,
devised a way to break the task down into component motions, and found the most
efficient and effective manner to do the work.
An example of a motion
study is observing the number of distinct motions required to shovel coal into
a furnace. The task is then broken down into its distinct components, such as
picking up the shovel, walking to the coal, bending over, manipulating the
shovel to scoop the coal, bending back up, walking to the furnace, and
manipulating the shovel to deposit the coal. The most efficient way to perform
the task was developed and workers were instructed on how to apply the method.
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