Why is it important to define population as specifically as possible

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                                           FACULTY OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT:                     EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS
COURSE TITLE:                   RESEARCH METHOD IN EDUCATION
COURSE CODE:                    RM 211
COURSE INSTRUCTOR:      FR. FESTUS
NATURE OF WORK:             GROUP ASSIGNMENT
GROUP NO.                            12 
SUBMISSION DATE:             26/11/2019
NO.
NAME
REGISTRATION NO.
SIGNATURE
01
NEREUS ZEPHRINE
STE/BAED/164424

02
ANASTASIA COSMAS NGONYANI
STE/BAED/164100

03
JUMAA MWAKIRI NZORI
STE/BAED/164298

04
EMMANUELI TIMBALALA ABDALLAH
STE/BAED/164085

05
BINKIWA KALIWANJE MUSSA
STE/BAED/164317

06
IDDI SELEMANI MOHAMEDI
STE/BAED/164478

07
MARIA B. KOMBA
STE/BAED/164359

08
MARY B. MSIGWA
STE/BAED/164134

09
PETER WENDELIN MHANJE
STE/BAED/164407

10
VUMILIA ATANAEL KOMBA
STE/BAED/164144


 TASK: Why is it important to define population as specifically as possible
INTRODUCTION
Population specification is a requirement in the documentation of both qualitative and quantitative studies. Moreover, the concepts of general, target and accessible population often apply to both designs. However, population specification is not guided by the same principles in qualitative and quantitative studies (Creswell, 2003; Denzin & Lincoln, 2011). For instance, qualitative studies focus on relatively few participants who have the ability to describe their experiences and/or knowledge with respect to some research questions or phenomenon (Baškarada, 2014; Creswell, 2003).
 Population in research is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of scientific query. It is for the benefit of the population that researches done. Population can be categorized into three categories which are general population, accessible population, and target population.
 The following are the factors for why is it important to define population as specifically as possibbe
          To apply different protocols and criteria in selecting population members. This being the case, the concepts of general, target and accessible population would not be the same for qualitative and quantitative studies. There is no doubt that some studies (Banerjee & Chaudhury, 2010; Mahoney & Goertz, 2006) have discussed these concepts in both qualitative and quantitative contexts; but little emphasis has been placed on qualitative study, particularly those associated with large study populations. This situation is deemed a major problem given the increasing recognition for qualitative research approaches in academia
              To apply a set of criteria to select participants, without specifying the target and accessible populations may result in oversight of the most eligible and convenient participant group and may not allow the qualitative researcher to reach “the most appropriate” sample. It is therefore advisable for the researcher to think of what should be the selection criteria for determining each of the target and accessible populations after specifying the general population. As indicated earlier therefore, the specification of the target and accessible populations is necessary if the study population is large.
               To identify any individuals who are unwilling to participate in the study or will not be available at the time of data collection. If the researcher finds out that the target population is small enough to select participants from and all its members are both willing and available to participate in the study, there is no need specifying the accessible population. The accessible population is reached after taking out all individuals of the target population who will or may not participate or who cannot be accessed at the study period (Bartlett et al., 2001).      
          The researcher focuses on participants who can best share experiences and thoughts to address the qualitative research goal. To determine the target population therefore, the researcher ought to Population in research is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of scientific query. It is for the benefit of the population that researches done.
          To identify and eliminate individuals who may not have the ability to share experiences and thoughts in ample clarity and depth. It is therefore at the stage of specifying the target population that the researcher considers factors such as ability to recall and relate to real-life experiences as well as the capacity to logically reason and communicate thoughts in an appropriate language. As a result, education and experience in the appropriate field (i.e., healthcare) would have to be considered in selecting members of the target population.
           To provide information of higher importance in qualitative studies as compared to quantitative studies. For instance, some quantitative studies (e.g., pure experiments) only require participants to receive some treatments. Cross-sectional quantitative designs also only require participants to check each item of certain measurement scales and thus do not demand much of their writing and speaking abilities. Qualitative studies, on the other hand, require their participants to deeply reason and speak/write extensively. So, attributes relating to education, experience and communication skills more strongly influence the determination of the target population in qualitative enquiry. .
               The accessible population could be argued to be the same for both qualitative and quantitative studies. For both designs, members of the accessible population are individual who are eligible to participate in the study but are unwilling to participate or would not be available at the time of data collection. However, unlike quantitative studies, qualitative designs take much more of participants’ time in brainstorming interviews and other data collection situations (Creswell, 2003; Pernecky, 2016). Participating in qualitative studies is also often perceived more burdensome by participants (Creswell, 2003; Williams, 2007). As a result, members of the target population are less likely to agree to participate in a qualitative study. So, willingness to participate in a study by members of the target population is likely lower for qualitative designs.  
            The general population is characteristically crude in the sense that it often contains participants whose inclusion in the study would violate the research goal, assumptions, and/or context. With respect to our scenario, members of the general population are health workers in all healthcare institutions in Jackson. Thus, every employee in these institutions who directly or indirectly contributes to healthcare delivery is a health worker and is therefore a member of the general population. By virtue of one of our research contexts, however, not every health worker can participate in the study.         
             Refinement of the general population is necessary in many instances like ours, and it would be executed by taking all individuals (i.e., from the general population) whose involvement in the study violates the research goal, assumption or context. The part of the general population left after its refinement is termed target population, which is defined as the group of individuals or participants with the specific attributes of interest and relevance (Bartlett et al., 2001; Creswell, 2003). The target population is more refined as compared to the general population on the basis of containing no attribute that controverts a research assumption, context or goal.
            Therefore, Specification of the accessible population is a precursor of sampling. Until the accessible population is well identified and understood, any attempt to sample may lead to unwanted outcomes such as having inaccessible individuals in the sample, and having a considerable number of such individuals in the sample will lead to the generation of incomplete data and failure to satisfy sample size requirements. More noteworthy is the fact that specification of the study population has different implications for sampling in qualitative nquiry.



















REFFERENCE


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