The study dealt on the investigation on the contribution of the recent established companies to the socio-economic development of Mtwara Mikindani Municipality.
DECLARATION
This
research report is my original work and has not been presented to any other
examination body. No part of this report should be produced without the
author’s consent or that of Stella Maris Mtwara University College.
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This
research Report has been submitted for examination with my approval as a
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I
send my special thanks to the Almighty God who assured me good health throughout
the completion of my research work. I also thank my supervisor Fr. Festusfor
her support, criticism and good will in doing this work. Also I give the
special thanks to teachers and students who supported me to get the data in
Mtwara Mikindani Municipality. I am further indebted to those who participated
in this study and for their cooperation during my research.
ABSTRACT
The
study dealt on the investigation on the contribution of the recent established
companies to the socio-economic development of Mtwara Mikindani Municipality.
The study was conducted in three wards of Majengo, Railway and Shangani.
The
Data collection techniques employed in this study were Questionnaires and
Interview guides under 50 respondents.
Furthermore,
the study explored many socio-economic developments of recent companies,
whereby 96% of the whole respondents mentioned employment creation and increase
in income as an important aspect of socio-economic development due to the
recently established companies. Moreover, in analysing the challenges due to
the recently established companies, the study among other challenges, it found
that 54% of the respondents mentioned the increase of social misery as the
challenge due to the recently established companies in Mtwara Mikindani
Municipality
Additionally,
the study found that 84% of the respondents suggest that preparing future
generation in Education as a means among many other means of overcoming
challenges that would hamper Socio-economic development within the area as a
result of the recently established Companies.
Lastly,
the study raised several recommendations to the government, the local community
and for further studies. The study among many other recommendations it
recommends the government to take initiatives to make sure that the companies
adhere to the national and international Environmental laws.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
1.0
Introduction
1.1Background
of the Study
In
the world, there are many companies working into different organisations with
their respective purposes they save; for example, speaking the oil and gas
companies in the world as the matter concerned, there are so many companies
engaged in oil and gas field works which categorised into three sections such
as there are companies involved in discovering, exploration and other companies
are involved in surplus and marketing issues of oil and gas and other
activities concerned.
James (2000), Multinational
corporations (MNCs) engage in very useful and morally defensible activities in
Third World countries for which they frequently have received little credit.
Significant among these activities are their extensions of opportunities for
earning higher incomes as well as the consumption of improved quality goods and
services to people in poorer regions of the world. Instead, these firms have
been misrepresented by ugly or fearful images by Marxists and “dependency
theory” advocates.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
For
decades southern regions including Mtwara strives to revamp socio-economic
prosperity and these revealed through various unsuccessful initiation and plane
made such as Mtwara corridor that intends to create theenvironment for
socio-economic development.
The discoveries of oil and gas are the most attraction to multinational
companies conducting deep sea exploration works in Mtwara and Lindi. There are about
eight firms from the UK, Brazil and Norway conducting deep sea explorations for
oil and gas. Therefore this revealed
on existence of companies recently to the Mtwara region, recent companies
introduced has been coined with socio-economic prosperity, for that case the
study indented to investigate on the contributions of
recent establishing companies to the socio-economic development in
Mtwara-Mikindani municipality.
1.3 Research Objectives
1.3.1 General
Objectives
The
study focused on the Investigation of the contribution of recent established
companies to socio-economic development of Mtwara MikindaniMunicipality.
1.3.2 Specific
Objectives
The
study was conducted under the bases of the following specific objectives:-
(i)
To identify the impacts of recent established companies to the socio-economic
development.
(ii)
To analyse the challenges facing people due to recent companies established to
the
Community.
(iii)
To determines the possible measures taken towards the challenges.
1.4 Research Questions
(i)
What are the impacts of recent established companies to socio-economic
development in
Mtwara
Municipality?
(ii)What
are the challenges facing people due to the recent established companies?
(iii)What
are the measures taken towards the challenges?
1.5 Scope of the Study.
The
study narrowed in its scope by focusing on the investigation of the
contribution of the recent established companies to the socio-economic
development of Mtwara Municipality basically on looking into two aspects only,
which are socio-economic development aspects.
1.6
Significances of the Study
The
study helps scholars and students to take measures against challenges facing
people due to recent established companies in socio-economic development as many measures have been investigated.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0
Introduction
2.1. Related
Literature Review
The
related literature review is the published information in a particular subject
area, within a certain time period. It is the summarised and synthesised
arguments and ideas of others’ work without adding new contributions.
2.1.1The
contribution of the different companies to socio-economic development
There
have been many explanations from different Scholars on the contributions made
by the different companies established in different parts of the world on
socio-economic development of the communities and nations at large.
Panda
(1992), argue that, while the developed countries want industrialization for
achieving higher rate of economic growth, the middle developed countries want companies
for both higher rate of economic growth and attainment of self-reliance for
increasing development per each individual as in developed countries.
Vick
(1989), argue that Tanzania has companies which are capable of producing raw
materials through agriculture and can even compete with the industrialized
nations in terms of raw materials production in materials like cotton, tobacco,
coffee, and food products such as wheat.
2.2Research
Gap
Several
scholars have done the research on this study to investigate the impacts of
recent established companies, but still the problems exist at high extent,
therefore the researcher in this study intended to explore to investigate what
are the contributions of recent established companies at Mtwara Mikindani
Municipality in terms of socio-economic developments so as to understand how
societies will benefits from recently established companies in the region. This study isconcentrated in Mtwara-Tanzania in such
case the researcher come up with new findings on the socio-economic
contribution of recently establish companies at the development in Mtwara.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 General Research Approach
Research
approach refers to the whole design of the research which includes process of
investigating different types of data collection and analysis (Kothari, 2004).
3.2Research
Design
Research
design defined as the conceptual structures within which research was conducted
(Kothari, 2004). The researcher employed Exploration design. Due to the need of
exploration human experience.
3.3 Study Area
The study
was conducted in Mtwara-Mikindani Municipality which is one of district in
Mtwara region in Tanzania. It is located in the South-eastern part of
Tanzania on the coastal line of Indian Ocean.
It lies between Latitude 10◦ 20◦ S and Longitude
40◦ 20◦ E. The Council is bordered by Indian Ocean in the
East and Mtwara Districts council in all other directions. According to 2012
census, it has a total of 108,299 people from 15 wards.
3.4Targeted
Population
Population
is the totality of any group, unity which has one or more traits or
characteristic in common that of the interest to the research and it taken to
large group of people or elements (Curveryet
al 2000). Scholar developed different approach which guides to drive targeted population, therefore the targeted
population were 500 individualsaccording to Mtwara-Mikindani municipality
administration report (2015).
3.5 Sampling procedures
and Techniques
The
study consists of the following sampling procedures and techniques.
3.5.1Sample and sampling Techniques
Sample is small portion of population
selected for consensus and analysis (Kothari 2004; 55). Sampling is the
acquisition of information about a relatively small part of large group or
population usually with the aim of making inferential generalization about
large group. Sampling techniques refers to the procedure or techniques that a
researcher likes to adopt in selecting item for sample (Kothari 2004).
3.5.2 Sample Size
Sample
size refers to the size of population which a researcher prospects to use in order
to complete his/her study. The sample size was obtained basing on the rule of thumb
proposed by John (1984). The rule directs that; for (0-100) population (5%) of
respondents should be used and (100-1000) population (10%) of the population
should be used for data collection. Guided by this rule, the study comprised of
Fifty (50) respondents which is equal to 10% of the whole population, this includes
(1) municipal economics officer, (15) small and medium retailers, (30)
residents from three selected wards where study taken10 in each ward from
Shangani, Majengo and Railway, human resource manager from Statoil (1),alistar
(1), (2) from security companies. This helped inacquiring rich information that
enabled the researcher to draw up a conclusion.
3.5.3Purposive
Sampling.
Purposive
sampling is the types of sampling in which group or unity are selected
subjectively by the researcher to identify the right people who know the
subject matter. In this study researcher used purposive sampling in selection
of one (1) municipal economic officer and two (2), human resources officers
from Statoil and alistar (one from each company), and two (2)human resources
officers from security companies.
3.5.4 Simple Random Sampling
This
is the type of sampling where by each and every member in the population has an
equal chance of inclusion in the sample and each one of the possible in case of
finite universe has the same probability of being selected ( Kothari 2002
3.6 Data Collection
Methods
Kothari, (2004), pointed out that Data
collection is the process whereby researcher collects information from various
sources according to the presentation of the study plan. In this study, a
researcher used Questionnaire, and Interview methods of data collection.
3.7
Sources of Data
Scholars
categorise the sources of data in two categories, namely primary sources and
secondary sources of data. The study obtained its data from both primary and
secondary sources of data.
3.7.1. Primary Data
Is
the first hand information where by researcher collected data directly from the
field and observed through interview and questionnaires.
3.7.1.1Interview
This
is the form of data collection in which questions are asked orally and subject
responses are recording. Also it involves not only conversation but also
observing from the respondents, gestures, facial expressions and pauses and his
environment. A researcher used this method during data collection in the field.
3.7.1.2 Questionnaire
Questionnaire
is the written document containing statement or questions that used to obtain
subject perspective, beliefs, and other traits. These questionnaires were
filled by the respondents and returned to the researcher. The researcher used
open ended types of questionnaires demanding respondents to fill their opinions
and ideas to explain something in deeply manner on the study topic.
3.7.2 Secondary Data
Secondary
data are data that were obtained from already documented materials or published
materials that written or collected before. Under this aspect the researcher
collected data through reading various documents materials such as books, text
books, journals, magazine, internet and newspaper relating with the topic under
investigation.
3.8Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process of bringing order of
the structure and meaningfully of mass information collected (Mogenda 1999).The
data obtained from the field were analyzed using Microsoft excel analysis. Data
were arranged and corded by using statistical tabulation. Also descriptive
analysis was done to identify the themes obtained from the respondents. The
analysis was done with regard to the research objectives. Then data were organized and set well for
presentation.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Introduction
4.1
Demographic Information of the Respondents
4.1.1
Sex of the Respondents
In this study, the great number of
respondents in term of sex were male which are 27(54%) followed by female which
were 23 (46%). This distinction resulted by differences that existing in
certain employed position such as HRM in which male were 3 while female was 1.
4.1.2Age
of the Respondents
During the study, greater numbers of
respondents were aged between 25-34 in which occupies 22 (44%) of the
respondents. Nevertheless, respondents who aged around 15-24 were 9 (18%) while
35-44 were 17 (34%) and aged between 45 and above were 2 (4%).
4.1.4
Educational Level of the Respondents
During the study, majority of
respondents were secondary level which occupied 23 (46%) of the respondents.
This followed by primary level which has 19 (38%) of respondents while tertiary
level has 8 (16%) of whole respondents.
4.2
The Impacts of the Recent Established Companies to the Socio-economic
Development
Table : Contribution of recent
Established Companies To Socio-economic Development
|
Contribution
of recent established company to Socio-economic Development
|
Responses
|
|
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
|
|
Employment creation and increase in incomes
|
44
|
88
|
|
The increase of local trade and small business
|
36
|
72
|
Source:
Field data,(2020)
4.2.1Employment creation and
increase in Incomes
The
table above presents that 44 respondents which is 88% of the respondents where by 40(80%)who
interviewed and 4(8%)who answered the questionnaire revealed that the recent established companies in
Mtwara Mikindani Municipality contributes much on the creation of employment
opportunities among the people of Mtwara and Tanzanians at large.
4.2.2: The increase of Local Trade
and Small Business
The study found that 36
respondents which is about 72% of the entire population in which 33(66%) who
were interviewed and 3(6%) filled questionnaire on the question of the
established companies in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality explained that these
companies contributes much on the increase of local trade and small businesses.
4.3 Challenges facing People due to
Recent Companies to the Community.
Figure3: Challenges facing
people due to recent companies to the community
4.3.1 Increase in Social Misery
The social welfare of
people depends on the behaviour and attitude of such people that creates
culture and social aspect of that community. During the study, about 27
respondents which were equal to fifty four percent (54%) of the respondents in
which 4(8%) who filled questionnaires and 23(46%) suggested that most of recent
companies bring social crimes within the area.
4.3.2 Occurrence of Diseases
Existence of companies
within the area leads to eruption of various diseases that affect both
environment and human health at large. In the study, 9 respondents which were
equal to (18%) of the respondents in which 4(8%) who filled questionnaires and
5(10%) who interviewed argued that many recent companies lead to the occurrence
of diseases within their area that resulted from direct dumping of some
chemicals like plastic bottom, chemical products as well as indirect ways as
through transmission from the air that polluted by companies.
4.3.3 Environmental Degradation
Environmental pollution
consists of five basic types of pollution, namely, air, water, soil, noise, and
light. From the findings, about 37 respondents which were equal to seventy four
percent (74%) of respondents in which 35(70%) who interviewed and 2(4%) who
filled questionnaires suggested that recent companies cause environmental
degradation within their area.
4.4 The possible measures to be
taken towards the challenges
Table3: The Possible
Measures Suggested to be taken towards challenges.
|
The possible measures
to be taken
|
Responses
|
|
|
Frequency
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Co-operate
in social responsibility
|
23
|
46%
|
|
Establishment
of good Municipality plan
|
33
|
66%
|
Source:
Field data, (2020)
4.4.1Establishment of good
Municipality Plan
Recent companies become
backbone of development in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality since brought many
changes like reducing number of people who stay idle in which they engage
either directly or indirectly due to the existence of it, improving standard of
life of local people and many other. Nevertheless, it brought same effects such
as eruption of diseases, environmental degradation and so on.
4.4.2Preparing Future Generation in
Formal Education
In ensuring sustainable
future development of Mtwara Mikindani Municipality local people should be
skilled. From the findings, 42 respondents which were about (84%) of the
respondentsin which 5(10%) who filled questionnaires and 37(74%) who
interviewed suggested that for host community to be benefited from recent companies
that existing within their area should educate their children in formal
education so as to have skills that are acquired by those companies.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction
5.1
Summary of the Study
As far as the findings
are concerned, it can be summarised that many of the respondents pin pointed
many issues that show that the recent established companies in Mtwara Mikindani
Municipality play a great role to contribute in socio-economic development in
Mtwara Municipality. Several factors such as the improvement of
infrastructures, educational institutions, employment creation and increase in
income, increase of the local trade and small business, and the improvement of
the individual and community life standard that the respondents have raised in
answering interview questions and questionnaire are realised nowadays in Mtwara
Mikindani Municipality. This is in fact due to the mushrooming of the recent
established companies in the area.
Furthermore, the study
comes up with various impacts resulting from the recent established companies
in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality which are both positive and negative to the
community. Moreover, the study found several measures that when taken into
consideration by the companies and the host communities at large they can
reduce if not abandoning the impacts which are as the result of the recent
established companies in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality. The study mentions
measures such as the provision of education to local communities, cooperation
in social responsibility, establishment of good municipality plan, preparing
future generation in education as well as construction as many houses as
possible by the government and company owners to be working if taken into
consideration in solving the negative impacts or challenges that results from
the recent established companies in the area.
5.2
Conclusion
With respect to the
investigation and the result found, the study concludes that the recent
established companies in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality is an important key to socio-economic development to the
people of Mtwara and Tanzanians as whole. To make this clear and really working
the people of Mtwara and Tanzanians in general have to make sure that they
strive day and night to improve their educational level and increase
cooperation to the companies’ owners so that they can benefit from being
employed in different working categories in the companies. Additionally, the
people of Mtwara should make sure that they improve their local products to
meet the needs of the companies’ community from which many of them are
foreigners.
Furthermore, the recent
established companies in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality as the study have shown
it benefits much the people to raise their socio-economic development, to go
through with this benefit effectively, the people of Mtwara Mikindani
Municipality and Tanzanians at large should strongly cooperate with the company
owners to join forces to establish various organisations that will empower
women and the community at large.
5.3 Recommendations
5.3.1
Recommendation to the Ministry of Industries, Business and Investment
(i)The Ministry of
Industries, Business and Investment should make sure that it prepares the
favourable environments to the companies to invest in our country for the
betterment of the Tanzanians and the companies as well.
5.3.2 Recommendation to the Local
community
(i) The communities
should make sure that they give strong cooperation to the established companies
in their area so that they can work efficiently for the community benefit as
well as that of the companies.
5.3.3 Recommendation for Further
Studies
This study addresses
the issues concerning the contribution of the recent established companies in
socio-economic development to the community of Mtwara Mikindani Municipality. However,
the study did not focused on identifying the recently established companies available
in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality and their actual figures of the contributions
they make per year in socio-economic development. Therefore, there is a need
for other scholars to study more on this topic looking in that aspect.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX I
QUESTIONNAIRE TO THE
MUNICIPAL ECONOMIC OFFICER
My
name is……………………………………. Aim a scholar
from Stella Maris University college (STEMMUCO) my best intension to conducting
this research study which based to investigate the contribution of recent
established companies to socio-economic development at Mtwara Mikindani
Municipality specifically which aims to fulfil the need of my academic
achievement and finally to get the requirement of award degree of Bachelor of
Arts with Education (BAED). So kindly, I ask much cooperation from you.
Instructions
Insert the symbol (√)
for ‘YES’ and symbol (X) for ‘NO’
i.
Sex male female
(a)Single (
)
1.
Is there any company which have been introduced recently in Mtwara-Mikindani municipality?
Yes ( ) No ( ).
If
yes what are they? If no is there any reason for absent of company in Mtwara
area, can you mention.
i) ………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
2.
(a)Is there any connections of recent established companies to the social economic
developments? Yes ( ) No ( ).
(b) If yes can you mention your own
prediction on contribution of recent established company toward socio-economic prosperity? If no what are
reason for your answer?
i) ................................................................................................................................................
3. What are the challenges facing people
due to recent established companies in socio-
economic developments?
……………………………………………………..………………………………………………
4. What are the measures taken toward the challenges?
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