RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

This chapter presents research methodologies to be employed during research study. It described research approach of the study, research design, study area, study population, sample size, sampling technique, types and sources of data, data collection, and analysis methods.

3.1Research Approach and Design

The researcher will adopt the qualitative and quantitative research approach, the qualitative data were presented in word and the quantitative data was presented in statistical, chart, graphs and number.Audet and Amboise (2001) suggested that qualitative research approaches have many methodologies and techniques which will help the researchers to get a better grasp of a variety of management situations. Thus the method enable the researcher to get information about different aspect of SMEs contribution to economic growth at MtwaraMikindani Municipal Council.

Aaker et al (2002) define research design as the detailed blue print used to guide a research study towards its objectives. To attain the objectives of this study the researcher will use a case study design. The design will enable the researcher to be flexible during data collection, as it allows the use of different research methods such as interviews, questionnaire and observation.

 

 

 

3.2 Study Area.

The study was conducted at MtwaraMikindani Municipality council, According to Dawson (2002) geographical area help to narrow down research topic and resources in terms of budget and time, The reason behind selection of this municipal is the fact that the researcher is residing in Mtwara where the study area is located.

3.2.1 Geographical location of the Study area

Mtwara-Mikindani Municipal is located in the South-eastern part of Tanzania on the coastal line of Indian Ocean. It lies between Longitude 400 and 410 East and Latitude 100 and 110 South. The Council is bordered by Indian Ocean in the East and Mtwara District council in all other directions.

Figure 3.1 Map showing the study area

3.3.TargetPopulation of the study area

Singh (2007) defines population as a group of individuals’ objects, or items from among which samples are taken for measurement. For the purposes of this study the targeted populations will be the employees of MtwaraMikindaniMunicipal Council and SMEs who conducting business around the municipal.  The total population is 70 respondents.

3.4. Sample and Sampling Techniques

3.4.1 Sample size

Yin (2009) argues that, a sample is a unit out of individuals that is small enough to present the population from which it was selected. The samples of this study will be drawn from MtwaraMikindaniMunicipal Council employees profile and municipal economic profile. The use of sample will be useful rather than the whole population because of costs in terms of fund, time and material that will be used in surveying the whole population. The total sample selected for this study will be 50respondents, 20 employees of MtwaraMikindaniMunicipal Council and 30 entrepreneurs.

3.4.2 Sampling Techniques

Krinshaswami (2002) defines sampling as the process of drawing a sample from a large population. Therefore, it is a process of obtaining the number of elements to infer a large population. In order to draw valid inferences from a sample in relation to it is respective population then the researcher will use convenience sampling and purposive sampling techniques.

 

3.4.3 Convenience Sampling

According to Chepkilot (2005) convenience sampling involves selecting cases or units for observation as they become available to the researcher. The researcher will use this technique to collect data from the employee of MtwaraMikindan Municipal Council and entrepreneurs who will happen to be most conveniently accessible,since it will be not possible to get access to all employees of the municipal at thesame time.

3.4.4 Purposive Sampling

According to Kothari (2004), purposive sampling helps to identify key persons who hold different leadership positions on the subject in question and can increase the utility of the findings.The researcher will employ this technique to select director and head of departments at MtwaraMikindani Municipal Council, who are knowledgeable on subject matter.The rationale behind is to grasp specific and reach information related to study, so that to attain study objective.

Singh (2007) argues that purposive sampling can be useful for situations where a researcher needs to reach a targeted sample quickly and where a random process of selection or proportionality is not the primary concern. As a reason the researcher will adopt the technique so as to reach respondents quickly, and thus it will enable the researcher to finish the process of data collection within intended time.

 

 

 

3.5. Data Collection Methods.

To accomplish objectives of the study, sufficient and relevant information were collected. In so doing both primary and secondary data were generated. Several data collection techniques (instruments) were used because the study is of quantitative and qualitative in its nature.

3.5. 1.Primary Data collection methods

Primary information was collected especially personal information such as age, sex, occupation and education of respondents. Other primary information collected were based on background of population under study.

3.5.1.1Questionnaire

To accomplish the study the researcher will administer questionnaire as source ofprimary data to entrepreneurs selected as respondents. The essence applying thismethod are as suggested by Kothari (2004) who explain that throughquestionnaires respondents have adequate time to give well thought answers andalso respondents who are not easily approachable, can also be reached

conveniently. The researcher will administer 50 questionnaires to entrepreneursfrom MtwaraMikindaniMunicipal Council. The question will be both closed and openended. Indeed, while some indicators required a brief and precise answer, it is alsodesirable to let information emerge from the field.Respondents will be given the opportunity to express their thoughts on the subject

matter as freely as possible.The questionnaire will be useful in providing both qualitative and quantitativetype of data.

 

3.5.1.2 Interview

Apart from using questionnaire as source of primary data, as well the researcherwill use interview which will enable the research to have face to face interactionwith respondents and observe their perception toward subject matter.Masson (2002) describe the rationale for using interview includes that aresearcher may be able to add an additional dimension through asking somequestions from different angle or in greater depth.The researcher will conduct interviews with selected entrepreneurs and MtwaraMikindanMunicipal Council staffs involved in this study. An interview guide will bedeveloped to avoid losing focus and to ensure that all relevant questions areasked.The interview will be useful in obtaining more information and to supplement respondent’s information given in questionnaire. The interview will be useful in obtaining qualitativedata.

3.5.2. Secondary Data Collection Method

The researcher will use secondary data to provide logical support to primary data, normally this data are obtained through documentary review. Bell (1993) defines a document as any written or recorded material, the preparation of which is not evaluation purposes or the request for the inquiry. The researcher will use various documents such as MtwaraMikindan municipal economic profile, and SMEs policy (2002).The researcher will use variousdocuments such as Mtwara library municipal and Stemmuco library and other relevant documents which will be available in the course of the study.

 

 

3.6. Data Analysis Method

Data analysis is an important step towards finding solution of a problem understudy. Data will become meaningful after analysis stage, having a lot of datawhich cannot be analyzed is absurdity.The method of data handling and analysis depends very much on the type of datacollected, levels of technology required as well as kind of results required, typesand level of information required UNDP (2009).

To some extent, it also dependson the type of data and volume (Cresswell, 1994).It is proposed that the procedure and techniques developed by well establishedqualitative research studies will be used. The actual process in capturing, codingand analysis of primary data from interviews and questionnaires will follow theestablished traditional techniques and procedure outlined by (Strauss and Corbin,1998).

The specific data analysis methods to be employed will include but not limited tothree methods content analysis for analysis of text and other written data; themethods will be useful in analysis of secondary data obtained by documentaryreview.By using this method the researcher will be able toanalyze what is relevant to thesubject matter a certain document contains discourse analysis for analysis ofresponses from face to face interviews, this method of analysis permits analysis ofdiscourse surrounding the response made by participants and cognitive (casual)mapping techniques that can provide the framework work within whichexperiences can be highlighted, understood and appreciated in depth (Weick1990).

Descriptive analysis though will mainly be qualitative but some descriptivestatistical methods will be employed at analysis stage in order to obtainfrequencies and percentage of responses. The results of this analysis will bepresented in tabular form and charts for easy and concise discussion and supporton a logical basis.The computer software program Statistical Package for Social Science Research(SPSS) and Microsoft office excel 2007 will be useful in data processing andwriting final dissertation.

 

 

 

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