TUNGO

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                                                TUNGO

            Dhana ya tungo

Neno tungo ni nomino ambayo hutokana na kitenzi tunga ambacho kina maana ya kushikanisha vitu pamoja kwa kupitisha kitu kama uzi ndani mwake. 

Hivyo basi tungo ni kuweka pamoja au kupanga pamoja vipashio sahili ili kujenga kipashio kikubwa zaidi. Tungo hujidhihirisha katika viwango vinne ambavyo ni:

            a) Kiwango cha neno

            b)Kiwango cha kirai

            c) Kiwango cha kishazi

            d) kiwango cha sentensi

hivyo basi kutokana na viwango vya tungo tunapata aina nne za tungo ambazo ni

            i. Tungo neno

            ii. Tungo kirai

            iii. Tungo kishazi

            iv. Tungo sentensi

            I.TUNGO NENO

Tungo neno ni tungo ambayo huundwa na vipashio vidogo zaidi  ya neno ambavyo ni mofimu au fonimu.

Mfano;anacheza,kakimbia.

            II.TUNGO KIRAI

Ni kipashio cha kimuundo chenye neno moja au zaidi lakini ambacho hakina muundo wa kiima na kiarifu.

Kwa mfano;

            a) Mtoto Yule

            b) Mtoto Yule ni mzuri

            c) Mzee huyu ni mjanja

            d) Ajuza yuleni mwembamba

            e) Kaka na dada

                        III. TUNGO KISHAZI

Kishazi ni tungo yenye kitenzi ambacho chaweza kujitosheleza  na kukamilisha ujumbe uliokusudiwa na mzungumzaji au kuwa na kitenzi kisichoweza kujitegemea chenyewe.

Tungo kishazi ni kubwa kuliko tungo kirai lakini ni ndogo kuliko tungo sentensi.

Kwa mfano;

            a) Mwanafunzi aliyesoma kitabu jana amefaulu mitihani yake

            b) Mwalimu alipoingia darasani alitugawia daftari zetu

            c) Mama anapika chakula Baba analima shamba

            d) Mwalimu anafundisha na wanafunzi wanasikiliza

            e) Kaka anasoma kitabu na dada anaosha vyombo.

                                                Aina za vishazi;

Kuna aina mbili za vishazi  nazo ni,

            a) kishazi huru.

            b) kishazi tegemezi .

A. KISHAZI HURU

Ni aina ya kishazi ambayo hutoa taarifa kamili katika tungo,hubeba kitenzi kikuu au kishirikishi ndani yake .kishazi hiki huwa hakihitaji maelezo ya ziada ili kukamilisha maana au taarifa iliyokusudiwa na pia huweza kujitegemea kama sentensi kamili na huwa na muundo wa kiima na kiarifu.

Mfano,Mtoto/anacheza

            Mwanafunzi /anasoma kitabu.

            Mwalimu/ ni mpole

B.KISHAZI TEGEMEZI.

Ni aina ya kishazi ambayo huwa haitoi taarifa iliyo kamilibadala yake hutegemea kishazi huru ili kukamilisha taarifa iliyokusudiwa na msemaji.kishazi hiki hutawaliwa na kitenzi kisaidizi.kishazi tegemezi peke yake hakiwezi kutoa taarifa iliyokusudiwa.

Mfano wa vishazi ambavyo havitoi tarifa kamili;

            Mtoto unayemjua

            Mwanafunzi anayesoma

            Mahali alipoingia

            Mama alipomchapa

            Kaka aliporudi

Hivyo basi tunapoweka pamoja vishazi huru na vishazi tegemezi taarifa iliyokusudiwa hukamilika kwa mfano;

            Mwanafunzi anayesoma hapa ameondoka.

            Kaka aliporudi alinifundisha.

            Wakili msomi ameshinda kesi yake

Sifa za kishazi tegemezi

i. Hakikamilishi taarifa pasipokuwepo na kishazi huru.

Mfano ;Mtoto anayecheza mpira ameumia

            Mama alipomkalibisha aliingia ndani

ii. kinaweza kikaondolewa katika tungo bila kuathiri taarifa iliyokusudiwa.

Mfano;Mtoto aliyeugua amepona

            Mtoto amepona

            Mama uliyemsalimia pale ameondoka jana.

iii.hutambulishwa na vitambulishi vya urejeshi vinavyopachikwa katika vitenzi.

Mfano;Anayesoma,alichookota,uliokatika,iliyoibiwa

                        IV. TUNGO SENTENSI

Sentensi ni kifungu cha maneno kuanzia neno moja na kuendelea chenye muundo wa kiima na kiarifu na kinacholeta maana kamili.

Sifa za sentensi

i.Sentensi lazima iwe na mpangilio wa maneno  ambao unakubalika na wazungumzaji wa lugha husika.

ii. Sentensi lazima ikamilike kimaana,kimuundo na kisarufi.

iii. Sentensi lazima iwe na muundo wa kiima na kiarifu.

iv. Sentensi inaweza kuundwa na kitenzi kitenzi kikuu kimoja au zaidi.

v. Sentensi huonyesha hali mbalimbali ,kama vile amri,ombi,mshangao                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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